Table 1. Demographic characteristics compared between English language preference and other language preference groups using means (t-tests) and sex proportions (χ²).

Language preference	Mean age, years (SD)	Males, %	Mean IMD score (SD)	Ethnic groups, % (two most frequent and ‘Not recorded’)	Country of birth, % (UK, most frequent, and ‘Not recorded’)
English n = 161 938	41.4 (16.0)	47.9	30.1 (8.4)	British or mixed British, 44.8; Other white, 17.0; Not recorded, 16.5	UK, 47.1; Jamaica, 4.1; Not recorded, 22.6
Non-English n = 47 790	38.9 (13.5)^a	48.2^a	32.1 (8.4)^a	Other white, 47.3; African, 13.9; Not recorded, 22.5	UK, 1; Portugal, 9.5; Poland, 7.5; Not recorded, 21.4
Portuguese n = 9862	38.9 (12.7)^a	49.3^a	33 (7.5)^a	Other white, 66.6; Other, 8.2; Not recorded, 11.3	UK, 0.5; Portugal, 46.4; Brazil, 24.5; Not recorded, 19.6
Spanish n = 7882	38.8 (12.3)^a	47.2^a	33.2 (7.9)^a	Other white, 50.1; Other, 26.5; Not recorded, 14.0	UK, 0.7; Colombia, 23.4; Spain, 20.7; Not recorded, 18.9
French n = 4968	36.5 (11.0)^a	48.5^a	32.1 (8.3)^a	African, 37.8; Other white, 36.0; Not recorded, 13.5	UK, 0.8; France, 39.9; Ivory Coast, 11.7; Not recorded, 21.1
Polish n = 4311	35.6 (11.1)^a	45.0^a	31 (7.9)^a	Other white, 90.3; British or mixed British, 5.7; Not recorded, 2.2	UK, 0.2; Poland, 81.9; Portugal, 0.3; Not recorded, 17.0
Somali n = 1567	39.3 (13.6)^a	43.7^a	34.6 (7.8)^a	African, 75.9; Other black, 16.5; Not recorded, 20.9	UK, 0.5; Somalia, 73.1; Not recorded, 25
Other n = 19 380	40.3 (14.9)^a	49.2^a	31.3 (7.9)^a	Other white, 33.7; African, 15.5; Not recorded, 38.6	UK, 1.7; Italy, 9.9; Pakistan, 4.4; Not recorded, 24.1
Not recorded n = 92 676	42.2 (14.9)^a	58.4^a	30.8 (8.7)^a	Unknown, 50.3; British or mixed British, 13.6; Not recorded, 13.4	UK, 1.5; Ghana, 0.7; Not recorded, 90.9

^a P <0.01 in comparison with English language preference groups.
IMD = Index of Multiple Deprivation, 2010. Not recorded = no data were received for patients in this category. SD = standard deviation.