Table 2. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for chronic pain (outcome) and demographic factors (independent variables)
Demographic factorsAdjusted odds ratio95% confidence interval,
Adjusted odds ratio
Age: 18–29 yearsREFERENCE GROUP
Age: 30–39 years1.671.59 to 1.76
Age: 40–49 years3.072.92 to 3.23
Age: 50–59 years5.615.34 to 5.90
Age: 60–69 years9.328.83 to 9.84
Age: 70–79 years14.5813.68 to 15.54
Age: 80–89 years27.7325.46 to 30.20
Age: ≥90 years39.9133.74 to 47.21
Sex: maleREFERENCE GROUP
Sex: female2.222.16 to 2.28
Social deprivation:
quintile: 1 (least deprived)
REFERENCE GROUP
Social deprivation:
quintile: 2
1.161.11 to 1.22
Social deprivation:
quintile: 3
1.281.23 to 1.34
Social deprivation:
quintile: 4
1.561.60 to 1.64
Social deprivation:
quintile: 5 (most deprived)
1.701.63 to 1.78
Ethnicity: WhiteREFERENCE GROUP
Ethnicity: Black Caribbean1.511.44 to 1.59
Ethnicity: Black African1.491.43 to 1.56
Ethnicity: Asian1.161.10 to 1.22
Ethnicity: Mixed1.301.23 to 1.37
Ethnicity: Other1.060.99 to 1.13
Ethnicity: recorded as ‘unknown’0.870.79 to 0.96
Language preference:
English
REFERENCE GROUP
Language preference:
non-English
0.950.92 to 0.99
Country of birth:
UK
REFERENCE GROUP
Country of birth:
non-UK
0.610.59 to 0.63