Table 3. The impact on hospital use of vertical integration compared with control practices
Step change at time of intervention compared with 'stable' GMS control practicesAdditional yearly change after the intervention
Outcome IRR (95% CI) P-value IRR (95% CI) P-value
A&E attendances0.98 (0.96 to 0.99)<0.00011.02 (1.00 to 1.04)0.012
Outpatient attendances0.99 (0.99 to 1.00)0.00611.02 (1.00 to 1.03)0.0064
Inpatient admissions1.00 (0.99 to 1.01)0.940.97 (0.96 to 0.99)0.0002
Inpatient admissions for ACSC0.98 (0.94 to 1.01)0.230.98 (0.96 to 1.01)0.24
Emergency inpatient admissions0.97 (0.95 to 0.99)0.00621.00 (0.98 to 1.01)0.61
Emergency readmissions0.95 (0.91 to 1.00)0.0391.01 (0.97 to 1.04)0.74
Difference (95% CI) P-value Difference (95% CI) P-value
Length of stay (days)0.09 (−0.11 to 0.28)0.51–0.03 (–0.11 to 0.05)0.51
  • ACSC = ambulatory care sensitive condition. A&E = accident and emergency. GMS = General Medical Services. IRR = incidence rate ratio.