Table 3. Associations between age and outcomes
Age, years (18–34, 35–54, ≥55)χ2,significance level,Phi coefficientPercentages
Mobility
I avoid activities due to a fear of fallingχ2 = 8.1, P<0.05Phi = 0.1455.7% (18–34) n = 7368.9% (35–54) n = 12272.1% (≥55) n = 62
Difficulty walking a long distance, such as a mileχ2 = 8.2, P<0.05Phi = 0.1461.1% (18–34) n = 8070.6% (35–54) n = 12579.1% (≥55) n = 68
Difficulty standing up from sitting downχ2 = 15.5, P<0.01Phi =0.2048.1% (18–34) n = 6362.1% (35–54) n = 11074.4% (≥55) n = 64
Due to my fear of falling, I avoid lifting and carrying objectsχ2 = 9.5, P<0.01Phi = 0.1529.8% (18–34) n = 3946.9% (35–54) n = 8343.0% (≥55) n = 37
Due to my fear of falling, I avoid walking on different surfacesχ2 = 8.0, P<0.05Phi = 0.1437.4% (18–34) n = 4953.7% (35–54) n = 9546.5% (≥55) n = 40
Do you walk with an aid? (walking stick, walker or wheelchair)χ2 = 7.6, P<0.05Phi = 0.1444.3% (18–34) n = 5848.0% (35–54) n = 8562.8% (≥55) n = 54
Pain
My level of bodily pain is moderate or severeχ2 = 6.3, P<0.05Phi = 0.1359.5% (18–34) n = 7868.4% (35–54) n = 12175.6% (≥55) n = 65
Pain interferes with my work (either outside the home or housework)χ2 = 8.1, P<0.05Phi = 0.1559.1% (18–34) n = 7573.3% (35–54) n = 12173.8% (≥55) n = 62
Swallowing
Problems with coughingχ2 = 7.5, P<0.05Phi = 0.1441.2% (18–34) n = 5452.5% (35–54) n = 9359.3% (≥55) n = 51
  • Totals for age groups: 18–34 years n = 131; 35–54 years n = 177; ≥55 years n = 86