Table 2. Assessment of methodological quality of the included systematic reviews using the AMSTAR 2 tool. (A non-colour dependent version of this table is available to download from the supplementary materials)
Domain 12345678910111213141516
Review Confidence in reviews
Ashford et al 201630 N/AN/AN/AModerate
Bayrampour et al 201931 Critically low
Callanan et al 202232 N/AN/AN/AHigh
Desai et al 202133 Moderate
Dhillon et al 201734 High
Domínguez-Solís et al 202135 N/AN/AN/AHigh
Evans et al 201836 Moderate
Evans et al 202053 N/AN/AHigh
Evans et al 202237 Moderate
Hall et al 201638 N/AN/AHigh
Hall et al 202039 High
HTA report 202140 Moderate
Lau et al 201741 Moderate
Lau et al 202142 High
Lever-Taylor et al 201643 Low
Loughnan et al 201944 High
Maguire et al 201845 Low
Marc et al 201150 N/AN/AHigh
Matvienko-Sikar et al 201646 N/AN/ALow
Matvienko-Sikar et al 202147 N/AN/AN/ALow
Mueller and Grunwald 202151 N/AN/AN/ALow
Sánchez-Polán et al 202152 Low
Shi et al 201748 N/AN/ACritically low
Yan et al 202249 Moderate

  • Domains: 1. research questions and inclusion criteria include the components of PICO? 2. explicit statement that the review methods were established prior to the conduct of the review and justify significant deviations from the protocol 3. explain their selection of the study designs for inclusion 4. use of a comprehensive literature search strategy 5. study selection in duplicate 6. data extraction in duplicate 7. provided list of excluded studies and justification 8. included studies described in adequate detail? 9. satisfactory technique for assessing the risk of bias (RoB) 10. sources of funding for the studies 11. If meta-analysis was performed: appropriate methods for statistical combination of results 12. If meta-analysis was performed: assess the potential impact of RoB in individual studies 13. account for RoB in individual studies when interpreting/ discussing the results of the review? 14. explanation for, and discussion of, any heterogeneity observed 15. If they performed quantitative synthesis: publication bias (small study bias) and discuss its impact 16. report any potential sources of conflict of interest, including funding received

  • Code for AMSTAR 2 tool: Critical domain = BLUE. Yes = GREEN. Partial yes = YELLOW. No = RED. Not applicable = WHITE.