| Univariable | Multivariable | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Female | 0.58 (0.47 to 0.71) | <0.001 | 0.61 (0.49 to 0.77) | <0.001 |
| Age group, years | ||||
| 18–74 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| ≥75 | 0.98 (0.80 to 1.19) | 0.808 | 0.79 (0.63 to 0.98) | 0.032 |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| White | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| South Asian | 2.32 (1.80 to 2.98) | <0.001 | 1.80 (1.37 to 2.37) | <0.001 |
| Black | 1.05 (0.77 to 1.44) | 0.765 | 1.04 (0.75 to 1.45) | 0.814 |
| Unknowna | 1.34 (0.98 to 1.82) | 0.065 | 1.43 (1.03 to 1.99) | 0.032 |
| IMD quintileb | ||||
| 1 (least deprived) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 2 | 1.20 (0.86 to 1.68) | 0.274 | 0.97 (0.69 to 1.37) | 0.866 |
| 3 | 1.40 (1.01 to 1.93) | 0.044 | 1.14 (0.81 to 1.59) | 0.460 |
| 4 | 1.42 (1.03 to 1.96) | 0.033 | 1.20 (0.85 to 1.67) | 0.298 |
| 5 (most deprived) | 1.36 (0.98 to 1.88) | 0.067 | 1.10 (0.78 to 1.55) | 0.579 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| IHD, stroke, or TIA | 8.87 (6.89 to 11.42) | <0.001 | 8.01 (6.17 to 10.39) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes or CKD | 1.97 (1.61 to 2.42) | <0.001 | 1.42 (1.14 to 1.78) | 0.002 |
| Upper GI bleeding | 1.17 (0.51 to 2.67) | 0.718 | 0.86 (0.37 to 2.02) | 0.736 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | ||||
| <140 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| ≥140 | 0.96 (0.75 to 1.22) | 0.713 | 0.98 (0.76 to 1.26) | 0.882 |
| Unknown | 0.18 (0.06 to 0.55) | 0.003 | 0.50 (0.15 to 1.64) | 0.252 |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Never smoked | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Ex-smoker | 1.13 (0.90 to 1.42) | 0.285 | 0.98 (0.76 to 1.25) | 0.870 |
| Current smoker | 1.60 (1.15 to 2.15) | 0.005 | 1.45 (1.03 to 2.04) | 0.032 |
| Unknown | 0.65 (0.46 to 0.91) | 0.013 | 1.06 (0.72 to 1.56) | 0.760 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | ||||
| <20 | 0.94 (0.64 to 1.39) | 0.772 | 1.03 (0.69 to 1.53) | 0.894 |
| 20–29 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| ≥30 | 1.23 (1.00 to 1.53) | 0.064 | 1.38 (1.09 to 1.74) | 0.007 |
| Unknown | 0.59 (0.42 to 0.84) | 0.003 | 0.99 (0.67 to 1.47) | 0.971 |
aEthnicity not stated or missing. bPatients with missing IMD data were excluded from the univariate logistic regression model. Bold indicates a statistically significant value. AF = atrial fibrillation. BMI = body mass index. CKD = chronic kidney disease. DAT = dual antithrombotic therapy. GI = gastrointestinal. IHD = ischaemic heart disease. IMD = Index of Multiple Deprivation. OR = odds ratio. TIA = transient ischaemic attack.