| Non-referral group | Referral group | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, n (%) | |||
| Female | 621 (52.67) | 188 (52.66) | |
| Male | 558 (47.33) | 169 (47.34) | 0.997 |
| Age group, n (%) | |||
| 65–69 | 167 (14.16) | 77 (21.57) | |
| 70–74 | 226 (19.17) | 74 (20.73) | |
| 75–79 | 258 (21.88) | 107 (29.97) | |
| 80–84 | 267 (22.65) | 52 (14.57) | |
| 85–89 | 177 (15.01) | 35 (9.80) | |
| ≥90 | 84 (7.12) | 12 (3.36) | <0.001 |
| Mean age, years (SD) | 78.35 (7.51) | 75.88 (6.83) | <0.001 |
| Ethnic group, n (%) | |||
| Chinese | 907 (76.93) | 250 (70.03) | |
| Indian | 48 (4.07) | 21 (5.88) | |
| Malay | 204 (17.30) | 72 (20.17) | |
| Others | 20 (1.70) | 14 (3.92) | 0.017 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | |||
| Formerly smoked | 39 (3.31) | 16 (4.48) | |
| Never smoked | 1089 (92.37) | 317 (88.80) | |
| Currently smokes | 51 (4.33) | 24 (6.72) | 0.097 |
P value is taken from χ2 test for categorical, and t-test for continuous variables