| Remote-by-default care in the COVID-19 pandemic,UK research and innovation,June 2020–November 202111
| Remote assessment of unwell patients with possible COVID-19 in general practice. Four locality-level case studies in South Wales, Oxfordshire, Plymouth, and south London. | Qualitative interviews and focus groups (114 patients, 72 clinicians). Delphi study on clinical assessment (69 participants). Thirty national stakeholder interviews. | Interviews with 46 clinicians and 12 patients. |
| ‘Near Me’ evaluation,Scottish Government,August 2019–December 202012
| Evaluation of Scotland’s video consultation services immediately before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, covering both primary and secondary care.What are the individual, organisational, and system-level challenges to introducing remote consultation services at pace and scale and routinising such services? | 223 interviews across 17 sites with clinicians, healthcare, and third sector support workers, clinician and non-clinical managers, administrators, IT support staff, patients and their relatives, and national-level stakeholders. Ethnography across 11 sites. | Preliminary NVivo (version 12) search for the term ‘risk’ in interviews with 120 clinicians and 21 patients followed by in-depth analysis of 23 clinician and 2 patient interviews. |
| Video consultations,Health Foundation,June 2020–July 202110
| Spread and scale-up of video consultation services in primary and secondary care in England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.What are the individual, organisational, and system-level challenges to introducing video consultation services at pace and scale and routinising such services? | National survey of 809 NHS staff. Interviews with 40 NHS staff, with 20 follow-ups across hospitals and general practice. 10 patient interviews plus 2 focus groups with 15 patients and public representatives in each.7 locality case studies, of which 3 were of video clinics in primary care. 20 policy documents reviewed. | Interviews with 10 clinicians and 10 patients. |
|
TOTAL
| | | Interviews with 176 clinicians and 43 patients |
| Data management for all studies | Video and telephone recordings were transcribed, deidentified, transferred to a secure server, and uploaded to NVivo software (version 12) for detailed coding. Access to recordings and transcripts was available through the secure server to members of the research team, along with the coding framework and documents explaining the codes used. |