| Category | All (strep A and CRP) | Lower RTI (CRP) | Sore throat (strep A) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adj OR | 95% CI | Adj OR | 95% CI | Adj OR | 95% CI | |
| Use of POC test(s) | 1.3 | 0.9 to 1.8 | 0.7 | 0.4 to 1.1 | 2.4 | 1.3 to 4.3 |
| Moderate illness severity | 7.4 | 6.2 to 8.9 | 5.3 | 3.8 to 7.3 | 9.5 | 6.9 to 13.0 |
| Severe illness | 8.0 | 5.4 to 12.0 | 4.1 | 2.3 to 7.2 | 3.6 | 1.2 to 11.0 |
| Age, year | 1.02 | 1.01 to 1.02 | 1.02 | 1.02 to 1.03 | 1.01 | 1.00 to 1.02 |
| Comorbidity | 1.3 | 1.1 to 1.5 | 1.1 | 0.8 to 1.5 | 1.0 | 0.6 to 1.4 |
| Fever | 1.6 | 1.3 to 1.9 | 2.9 | 2.1 to 4.0 | 2.0 | 1.5 to 2.8 |
| Duration (day) | 1.03 | 1.02 to 1.04 | 1.03 | 1.00 to 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.00 to 1.10 |
| Country | OR for 17 countries shown in Supplementary Table S3 | |||||
Multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression for the dependent variable antibiotic prescribing controlling for country, use of group A streptococcal (strep A) and/or C-reactive protein (CRP) point-of-care (POC) testing for all patients, CRP testing for patients with lower respiratory tract infection, and strep A testing for patients with sore throat, illness severity, age, comorbidity, fever, and illness duration. Practice was included as random effect. Reference categories are Belgium (lowest antibiotic prescribing proportion) for country; ‘no’ for POC testing, comorbidity, and fever; ‘mild’ for severity; and for age and duration an increase of one unit is considered. Bold indicates significance. OR = odds ratio. RTI = respiratory tract infection.