Table 4. Changes in rate of high-risk prescribing to participants in SPACE versus control practices at 6 and 12 months

	Baseline		6-month n/N (%)		12-month n/N (%)		OR (6 months)^a(95% CI)	P value	OR (12 months)^a (95% CI)	P value
	SPACE	Control	SPACE	Control	SPACE	Control	OR (6 months)^a(95% CI)	P value	OR (12 months)^a (95% CI)	P value
Primary outcome
Combined risk factor^b	828/11 658 (7.1%)	651/10 209 (6.4%)	638/11 005 (5.8%)	537/9644 (5.6%)	538/9453 (5.7%)	419/9199 (4.6%)	0.99 (0.87–1.13)	0.9	1.29(1.11–1.49)	0.001
Secondary outcomes
Gastrointestinal	427/8711 (4.9%)	334/7465 (4.5%)	313/7894 (4.0%)	301/6782 (4.4%)	232/5046 (4.6%)	208/4489 (4.6%)	0.81 (0.68–0.96)	0.02	0.91(0.74–1.11)	0.4
Renal	503/6268 (8.0%)	372/5588 (6.7%)	365/5124 (7.1%)	262/4477 (5.9%)	314/4318 (7.3%)	208/3988 (5.2%)	1.16 (0.96–1.39)	0.1	1.35(1.10–1.65)	0.004
Heart failure	21/613 (3.4%)	29/627 (4.6%)	19/557 (3.4%)	14/558 (2.5%)	17/441 (3.9%)	20/508 (3.9%)	1.84 (0.87–3.89)	0.1	0.89(0.44–1.78)	0.7

^aAdjusted for clustering by practice. ^bGastrointestinal, renal, or cardiac ‘high-risk’ prescribing of NSAIDs and/or anticoagulant medication. OR = odds ratio. SPACE = Safer Prescribing and Care for the Elderly.