Table 1. Characteristics of sample and by HFpEF diagnosis
CharacteristicnTotal sample, n = 152, %aConfirmed HFpEF, n = 93, %aNon-HFpEF,n = 59, %aP value forcomparisonb
Age, years, mean (SD)15278 (8.6)79 (7.1)77 (10.5)0.156
Sex, female152404629 0.039
LVEF, mean (SD)14856.9 (9.2)58.1 (7.1)54.4 (10.8) 0.023
History of smoking152676079 0.015
CCI, mean (SD)1504.6 (2.6)4.8 (2.8)4.2 (2.2)0.157
Hypertension1508080770.636
Diabetes1502932260.498
Chronic lung disease1502932230.251
Moderate to severe kidney disease1503334320.789
Previous myocardial infarction1491312140.730
Peripheral vascular disease15097120.226
Previous stroke or TIA1501414160.781
Cancer1501614190.404
BMI, mean (SD)15130.4 (6.6)30.9 (6.2)29.4 (7.1)0.179
 Overweight1512625280.053
 Obese151505739
Combined overweight or obese151768267 0.036
NYHA class I1522217310.118
NYHA class II152576248
NYHA class III152202021
Leg oedema1524546430.707
Sinus rhythm1524550390.435
Atrial fibrillation152343239
Other152211923
Heart rate, mean (SD)14568 (14)68 (13)69 (15)0.556
SBP, mean (SD)150136 (23)138 (23)134 (22)0.346
SBP >150, mean %1503133280.535
DBP, mean (SD)15077 (12)77 (12)78 (11)0.577
DBP >90, mean %1501615180.643
Pulse pressure, mean (SD)15059 (19)61 (17)56 (20)0.142
MoCA score, mean (SD)14625.4 (3.3)24.9 (4.3)24.8 (5.7)0.951
Mild cognitive impairment1465863480.194
Pre-frail1483236270.101
Frail148222618
Combined pre-frail and frail148546345 0.033
6-minute walk distance, mean (SD)117296 (127)273 (123)338 (125) 0.007
Time to walk 10 m, sec, mean (SD)11710.8 (6.4)11.7 (7.4)9.1 (3.6) 0.014
Gait speed, m/s, mean (SD)1171.13 (0.47)1.05 (0.39)1.3 (0.55) 0.010
Activity levels by median daily vector magnitude (IQR)12416.2 (12.2–20.2)15.4 (12.0–18.3)18.2 (12.9–21.5) 0.018
Sarcopaenia1473540290.176
Occasional incontinence1511716190.867
Incontinent or catheterised151444
Patients with known hypertension
 SBP, mean (SD)122142.3 (22.2)144.5 (22.8)138.9 (20.9)0.203
 DBP, mean (SD)12279.8 (10.9)79.3 (11.1)80.6 (10.8)0.529
 Pulse pressure, mean (SD)12262.6 (18.7)65.2 (18.6)58.3 (18.4)0.059
  • aUnless otherwise stated. bBold indicates statistically significant value. BMI = body mass index. CCI = Charlson Comorbidity Index. DBP = diastolic blood pressure. HFpEF = heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. IQR = interquartile range. LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction. MoCA = Montreal Cognitive Assessment. NYHA = New York Heart Association. SBP = systolic blood pressure. SD = standard deviation. TIA = transient ischaemic attack.