Table 3. Partially and fully adjusted multi-level mixed effects regression of the odds of shielding status in 57 713 adults aged ≥18 years

Shielding status	Partially adjusted odds ratio 95% CI^a	P value	Fully adjusted odds ratio 95% CI^b	P value
Age (years)	1.06 (1.05 to 1.06)	<0.001	1.03 (1.03 to 1.04)	<0.001
Sex
Female	ref		ref
Male	0.74 (0.63 to 0.88)	<0.001	0.62 (0.52 to 0.75)	<0.001
Nursing home resident	0.80 (0.39 to 1.65)	0.54	1.07 (0.35 to 3.33)	0.90
BMI
BMI <30 kg/m²	ref		ref
Obese >30 kg/m²	1.60 (1.32 to 1.94)	<0.001	1.32 (1.07 to 1.64)	0.01
Smoking status
Does not smoke	ref		ref
Currently smokes	2.45 (1.96 to 3.07)	<0.001	1.50 (1.16 to 1.94)	<0.001
Formerly smoked	2.16 (1.78 to 2.62)	<0.001	1.68 (1.35 to 2.10)	<0.001
Ethnic group
White	ref		ref
South Asian	0.98 (0.67 to 1.42)	0.91	1.37 (0.92 to 2.03)	0.12
Black African	2.23 (1.68 to 2.97)	<0.001	2.78 (2.02 to 3.81)	<0.001
Chinese	0.15 (0.02 to 1.07)	0.06	0.23 (0.03 to 1.64)	0.14
Mixed	1.11 (0.89 to 1.38)	0.36	1.11 (0.87 to 1.41)	0.40
Other	1.13 (0.88 to 1.46)	0.33	1.26 (0.95 to 1.67)	0.11
Non-stated	1.80 (0.99 to 3.28)	0.06	2.23 (1.16 to 4.27)	0.02
Missing	0.50 (0.33 to 0.75)	0.001	0.84 (0.54 to 1.30)	0.42
IMD quintile (% coded)
1 (least deprived)	ref
2	0.94 (0.71 to 1.25)	0.68	0.98 (0.72 to 1.33)	0.90
3	1.10 (0.83 to 1.44)	0.50	1.16 (0.86 to 1.55)	0.33
4	1.09 (0.83 to 1.44)	0.53	0.97 (0.72 to 1.31)	0.85
5 (most deprived)	1.48 (1.14 to 1.92)	0.003	1.24 (0.93 to 1.64)	0.14
Comorbidities
Type 2 diabetes	1.95 (1.56 to 2.45)	<0.001	1.39 (1.07 to 1.80)	0.01
HTN	1.45 (1.17 to 1.79)	0.001	1.07 (0.84 to 1.36)	0.58
CKD	2.05 (1.58 to 2.67)	<0.001	1.96 (1.47 to 2.63)	<0.001
CHD	1.97 (1.47 to 2.63)	<0.001	1.21 (0.87 to 1.68)	0.27
Respiratory disease	15.16 (12.24 to 18.76)	<0.001	12.72 (10.00 to 16.18)	<0.001

BMI = body mass index; IMD = Index of Multiple Deprivation; HTN = hypertension; CKD = chronic kidney disease; CHD = coronary heart disease
a Adjusted for age and sex.
b Adjusted for all covariates in the table and practice.