Table 1. Background features and risk indicators for postnatal depression (n = 131)
Parameter n (%)P value χ² for equal proportions
Age ≥18 years130 (99.24%)<.0001
Marital status
 divorced1 (0.76%)<.0001
 married or officially cohabiting112 (85.50%)
 relationship18 (13.74%)
Profession
 worker2 (1.53%)<.0001
 senior management58 (44.27%)
 lower management44 (33.59%)
 formally unemployed7 (5.34%)
 independent20 (15.27%)
Parity
 first58 (44.27%)<.0001
 second50 (38.17%)
 third20 (15.26%)
 fourth2 (1.53%)
 fifth or more1 (0.76%)
Smoking5 (3.82%)<.0001
Depression history15 (11.45%)<.0001
Antidepressants history11 (8.40%)<.0001
Postnatal depression history4 (3.05%)<.0001
Negative feelings19 (14.50%)<.0001
Unplanned pregnancy15 (11.45%)<.0001
Complication (pregnancy)23 (17.56%)<.0001
Preterm delivery14 (10.69%)<.0001
Caesarean22 (16.79%)<.0001
Complication (child)2 (1.53%)<.0001
Complications (postpartum)3 (2.29%)<.0001
Breastfeeding117 (89.31%)<.0001
Support partner
 only emotional3 (2.29%)<.0001
 only material7 (5.34%)
 insufficient7 (5.34%)
 sufficient113 (86.26%)
 no partner1 (0.76%)
Abuse during pregnancy1 (0.76%)<.0001
Violence during pregnancy1 (0.76%)<.0001
EPDS positive score16 (12.21%)<.0001
  • EPDS = Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale