| Outcomes | Intervention group( n = 372) | Usual care group( n = 317) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary outcomes | N | N | ||
| Mean systolic blood pressure, mmHg (SD) | 358a | 137.2 (16.2) | 298b | 139.0 (16.8) |
| Mean LDL-cholesterol, mmol/l (SD) | 347c | 2.6 (0.8) | 310d | 2.6 (1.0) |
| Secondary outcomes | ||||
| Mean diastolic blood pressure, mmHg (SD) | 358 | 80.3 (10.2) | 298 | 80.6 (10.1) |
| Blood pressure <140/90 mmHg | 358 | 214 (60) | 298 | 175 (59) |
| LDL-cholesterol <2.5 mmol/l | 347 | 178 (51) | 310 | 168 (54) |
| LDL-cholesterol <1.8 mmol/le | 166 | 45 (27) | 163 | 58 (36) |
| Smoking | 363 | 31 (9) | 311 | 30 (10) |
| Mean BMI (SD) | 349 | 27.3 (5.2) | 300 | 27.7 (4.8) |
| 10 -year CVD morbidity or mortality riskf | ||||
| All patients, median (IQR) | 317 | 22.0 (11.7–36.4) | 267 | 24.0 (13.7–38.0) |
| Patients with CVD, median (IQR) | 159 | 26.2 (17.9–38.5) | 144 | 27.8 (18.7–39.5) |
| Patients without CVD, median (IQR) | 158 | 15.5 (5.4–31.9) | 123 | 18.7 (8.4–34.3) |
| Healthy food habits | ||||
| Vegetables >150–200 grams a day | 360 | 142 (39) | 294 | 99 (34) |
| Fruits >200 grams a day | 354 | 214 (60) | 294 | 187 (64) |
| Red meat <300 grams a week | 356 | 207 (58) | 286 | 155 (54) |
| Fatty fish >1 a week | 358 | 244 (68) | 296 | 187 (63) |
| Unhealthy fat products <3 a week & healthy fat products >3 a week | 352 | 121 (34) | 289 | 75 (26) |
| Sweet & salty snacks <3 a week | 357 | 196 (55) | 295 | 157 (53) |
| Table salt <3 a week | 360 | 335 (93) | 294 | 265 (90) |
| Alcohol consumption, units a week, median (IQR) | 311 | 3 (0–7) | 292 | 2 (0–7) |
| Physically activeg | 303 | 230 (76) | 250 | 178 (71) |
| Medication use | ||||
| Patients with CVD | ||||
| Antihypertensive drugs | 174 | 137 (79) | 160 | 121 (76) |
| Lipid-lowering drugs | 174 | 139 (80) | 160 | 127 (79) |
| Anticoagulants | 174 | 160 (92) | 160 | 146 (91) |
| Patients without CVD | ||||
| Antihypertensive drugs | 187 | 167 (89) | 149 | 126 (85) |
| Lipid-lowering drugs | 188 | 52 (28) | 149 | 46 (31) |
| GP as primary treating practitionerh | 368 | 366 (99) | 314 | 307 (98) |
| Consultations in general practice, median (IQR)i | 361 | 6 (3–10) | 311 | 6 (3–10) |
| Patient satisfaction (PREM) (1–5j), mean (SD) | 359 | 3.6 (0.7) | 283 | 3.5 (0.8) |
| Recommendation score (0–10j), mean (SD) | 352 | 8.3 (1.3) | 275 | 8.2 (1.3) |
| EQ-5D-5L index score (–0.45–1j), mean (SD) | 353 | 0.9 (0.1) | 290 | 0.8 (0.1) |
| SF-12 Mental component (7.9–72.0j), mean (SD) | 353 | 53.9 (7.5) | 290 | 52.3 (9.3) |
| SF-12 Physical component (5.2–64.7j), mean (SD) | 353 | 48.1 (9.2) | 290 | 46.7 (10.0) |
| HADS Anxiety (0–7j), mean (SD) | 342 | 4.1 (3.3) | 286 | 4.5 (3.7) |
| HADS Depression (0–7j), mean (SD) | 347 | 3.2 (3.0) | 283 | 3.9 (3.3) |
| Newly developed CVDk | 364 | 10 (3) | 311 | 10 (3) |
| Newly developed comorbidityl | 363 | 13 (4) | 311 | 12 (4) |
| Mortality | 372 | 5 (1) | 318 | 3 (1) |
aReasons for missing data: died before endpoint (n = 5), not measured (n = 7), data not available owing to change of GP (n = 2). bReasons for missing data: died before endpoint (n = 3), not measured (n = 16). cReasons for missing data: died before endpoint (n = 5), not measured (n = 16), data not available owing to change of GP (n = 4). dReasons for missing data: died before endpoint (n = 3), not measured (n = 3), data not available owing to change of GP (n = 1). eFor patients with CVD, n = 175 in intervention group and n = 164 in usual care group. fFor patient with known CVD the SMART-function was used to calculate the risk; for patients without CVD the risk was based on the risk chart in the Dutch guideline for CVRM (based on the SCORE risk function).15 g >5 days a week moderate intense physical activity >30 minutes a day. hPrimary treating practitioner could be the GP or a medical specialist. iIncluding all visits and telephone calls with the general practice for all reasons. jMinimum and maximum possible values. kIncluding cardiovascular diseases as inclusion criteria for integrated CVRM care and for the study. lIncluding diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and chronic renal impairment.
BMI = body mass index. CVD = cardiovascular diseases. EQ-5D-5L = five-level EuroQoL-5 Dimensions. HADS = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. IQR = interquartile range. LDL = low-density lipoprotein. PREM = Patient Reported Experience Measure. SD = standard deviation. SF-12 = Short Form–12 Health Survey.
Absolute numbers (%) are presented unless stated otherwise.