Table 3. Two-part models for healthcare activity: Clinical Practice Research Datalink sample of n = 10 528 people aged ≥50 years in two-person households

	OR for any activity	95 %LL	95 %UL	Exp gamma coefficient (in the subset with any activity)	95 %LL	95 %UL	Adjusted means across both parts	95 %LL	95 %UL
Number of primary care visits
MLTCs/healthy	Reference			Reference			9.6	9.2	9.9
Both MLTCs	1.31	0.67	2.56	1.09	1.03	1.15	10.5	10.1	10.8
Both healthy	0.09	0.06	0.14	0.49	0.47	0.52	4.3	4.2	4.5
Healthy/MLTCs	0.12	0.08	0.19	0.56	0.53	0.59	5.0	4.8	5.2
Primary care costs
MLTCs/healthy	Reference			Reference			£247	£237	£258
Both MLTCs	1.31	0.67	2.56	1.13	1.07	1.19	£280	£269	£290
Both healthy	0.09	0.06	0.14	0.52	0.49	0.55	£117	£112	£123
Healthy/MLTCs	0.12	0.08	0.19	0.55	0.52	0.59	£128	£122	£134
Outpatient costs
MLTCs/healthy	Reference			Reference			£483	£443	£523
Both MLTCs	1.09	0.95	1.25	1.01	0.92	1.11	£498	£468	£528
Both healthy	0.35	0.31	0.39	0.69	0.60	0.79	£222	£194	£250
Healthy/MLTCs	0.41	0.37	0.47	0.68	0.58	0.79	£239	£207	£271
Cost of non-elective admissions
MLTCs/healthy	Reference			Reference			£294	£244	£345
Both MLTCs	1.19	1.02	1.39	1.04	0.87	1.24	£351	£302	£401
Both healthy	0.40	0.33	0.49	0.84	0.66	1.08	£111	£84	£139
Healthy/MLTCs	0.47	0.38	0.57	0.85	0.68	1.05	£128	£99	£157
Cost of elective admissions
MLTCs/healthy	Reference			Reference			£599	£525	£673
Both MLTCs	1.16	1.03	1.31	0.89	0.79	0.99	£587	£528	£645
Both healthy	0.50	0.43	0.57	0.72	0.63	0.82	£255	£218	£292
Healthy/MLTCs	0.54	0.47	0.62	0.70	0.62	0.79	£266	£224	£307
ED costs
MLTCs/healthy	Reference			Reference			£69	£62	£76
Both MLTCs	1.11	0.98	1.26	1.11	0.99	1.25	£82	£74	£89
Both healthy	0.53	0.47	0.61	0.76	0.67	0.87	£33	£29	£37
Healthy/MLTCs	0.56	0.49	0.64	0.73	0.65	0.81	£33	£29	£36
Total hospital costs (outpatient + admissions + ED )
MLTCs/healthy	Reference			Reference			£1445	£1314	£1576
Both MLTCs	1.10	0.94	1.29	1.03	0.93	1.15	£1525	£1418	£1630
Both healthy	0.33	0.29	0.38	0.62	0.54	0.71	£631	£558	£703
Healthy/MLTCs	0.38	0.34	0.44	0.45	0.39	0.52	£664	£589	£739
Number of days in hospital
MLTCs/healthy	Reference			Reference			0.91	0.72	1.11
Both MLTCs	1.08	0.94	1.24	0.89	0.70	1.12	0.86	0.73	0.99
Both healthy	0.36	0.30	0.43	0.83	0.61	1.12	0.31	0.23	0.40
Healthy/MLTCs	0.42	0.35	0.51	0.66	0.50	0.86	0.29	0.22	0.36

ED = emergency department. Exp = exponentiated. LL = lower limit. MLTC = multiple long-term conditions. OR = odds ratio. UL = upper limit.