| Individuals with COPD and/or asthma versus no respiratory conditions(n = 2084), OR (95% CI) | Individuals with COPD versus no respiratory condition(n = 1402), OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | ||
| Respiratory condition | ||
| No | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 1.20 (1.01 to 1.42)a | 1.41 (1.11 to 1.79)b |
| Adjusted | ||
| Respiratory condition | ||
| No | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 1.25 (1.04 to 1.49)a | 1.36 (1.04 to 1.78)a |
| Other health conditions, n | ||
| 0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 1 | 0.98 (0.75 to 1.27) | 0.89 (0.65 to 1.23) |
| 2 | 1.02 (0.78 to 1.34) | 1.08 (0.78 to 1.50) |
| ≥3 | 1.20 (0.94 to 1.53) | 1.36 (1.01 to 1.83)a |
| Age, years | ||
| 50–59 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 60–69 | 1.13 (0.92 to 1.38) | 1.19 (0.93 to 1.54) |
| ≥70 | 1.29 (1.00 to 1.65)a | 1.32 (0.98 to 1.77) |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Female | 0.59 (0.49 to 0.71)c | 0.51 (0.41 to 0.64)c |
| Education | ||
| Higher education | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| No qualifications | 1.08 (0.77 to 1.50) | 1.04 (0.70 to 1.54) |
| Secondary education | 0.94 (0.78 to 1.13) | 0.92 (0.73 to 1.16) |
| Ethnic group | ||
| White | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Non-white | 2.34 (1.32 to 4.14)b | 2.27 (1.07 to 4.08)a |
| Marital status | ||
| Single | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Married or living with partner | 0.93 (0.77 to 1.11) | 0.99 (0.79 to 1.23) |
| Smoking status | ||
| Never smoked | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Current smoker | 1.04 (0.81 to 1.34) | 1.02 (0.74 to 1.41) |
| Previous smoker | 1.13 (0.93 to 1.39) | 1.07 (0.83 to 1.39) |
| Symptom attribution | ||
| Cancer | 1.08 (0.87 to 1.34) | 1.11 (0.85 to 1.45) |
a<0.05. b<0.01. c<0.001. OR = odds ratio.