Table 2. Approaches to urine sample collection in primary care
| Evidence based Use clean catch methodAcknowledge can be time-consumingWant to avoid sample contamination |
| Convenience Use urine bag methodConvenience for parent and clinicianAware of sample contamination | |
| Pragmatic Prefer clean catchUse urine bags sometimesDepends on clinical circumstances | |
| Rural or remote Prefer clean catchNot close to hospital servicesPerform catheterisation or SPA whenrequired |
SPA = suprapubic aspiration.