Table 1. ACEs mapped to Read codes included in the study. All ACE questions were preceded by the statement ‘While you were growing up, before the age of 18 ...’

ACE Questionnaire domains	Mapped Read codes
1. Sexual abuseHow often did anyone at least 5 years older than you (including adults) try to make you touch them sexually?How often did anyone at least 5 years older than you (including adults) force you to have any type of sexual intercourse (oral, anal, or vaginal)?How often did anyone at least 5 years older than you (including adults) ever touch you sexually? Once or more than once to any of the three questions	0AK3. Child prostituteZV4G4 [V]Problem related/alleged sex abuse13ZW. At risk of sexual abuse14 × 1. History of sexual abuse13WC. Incest14 × 6. Victim of sexual abuseZ411. Sexual abuse counselling
2. Physical abuseHow often did a parent or adult in your home ever hit, beat, kick or physically hurt you in any way? This does not include gentle smacking for punishment. Once or more than once	63CB. Risk of non-accidental injury13ZT. At risk of physical abuse14 × 0. History of physical abuse13W40 Child/parent violence14 × 5. Victim of physical abuseZ412. Physical abuse counselling
3. Verbal abuseHow often did a parent or adult in your home ever swear at you, insult you, or put you down? More than once	13ZR. At risk of emotional/psychological abuse14 × 2. History of emotional abuse14 × 7. Victim of emotional abuseZV4H2 [V]Hostility towards and scapegoating of child
4. Domestic violenceHow often did your parents or adults in your home ever slap, hit, kick, punch or beat each other up? Once or more than once	13HP6 Violence between parents13VF. At risk violence in the home14 × 3. History of domestic violence14 × 8. Victim of domestic violence14XD. History of domestic abuseZ415. Domestic abuse counselling
5. Parental separationWere your parents ever separated or divorced? Yes	ZU273 Deserted by fatherZU274 Deserted by mother13W90 Single parent family, mother present13W91 Single parent family, father present
6. Mental illnessDid you live with anyone who was depressed, mentally ill or suicidal? Yes	No codes available
7. Alcohol abuseDid you live with anyone who was a problem drinker or alcoholic? Yes	63 C7. Maternal alcohol abuse^a
8. Drug abuseDid you live with anyone who used illegal street drugs or who abused prescription medications? Yes	12 × 1. Both parents misuse drugs12 × 2. Paternal drug misuse63C6. Maternal drug abuse
9. IncarcerationDid you live with anyone who served time or was sentenced to serve time in a prison or young offender’s institution? Yes	13I7. Imprisonment of family member13Hg. On conditional probation

ACE = adverse childhood experience.
^aThere is no Read code for paternal alcohol abuse.