Table 1. Summary of characteristics of identified in vivo studies

Authors (Year)	Country	Setting	Sample size (treatment/control)	Mean age, years (SD)	Inclusion criteria	Treatment	Primary outcome	Findings
Reported by Gao et al (2020)²⁰	China	10 hospitals in Wuhan, Jingzhou, Guangzhou, Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, and Ningbo	>100	Unknown	Tested positive for COVID-19, (unknown, potentially different across included trials)	Chloroquine phosphate	Unknown	’ Chloroquine phosphate is superior to the control treatment in inhibiting the exacerbation of pneumonia, improving lung imaging findings, promoting a virus-negative conversion, and shortening the disease course ’
Gautret et al (2020)³	France	Hospitals in Marseille, Nice, Avignon, and Briançon	36 (20/16)	Treatment: 51.2 (18.7)Control: 37.3 (24.0)	SARS-CoV-2 carriage in nasopharyngeal sample Age >12 years (treatment group only)	200 mg of Hydroxychloroquine three times a day for 10 days; six patients additionally received azithromycin	Outcome of a nasopharyngeal swab on Day 6	70.0% (treatment) versus 12.5% (control) virologically cured, P<0.001
Chen et al (2020)²¹	China	Shanghai Public Health Clinical Centre	30 (15/15)	Treatment: 50.5 (3.8)Control:46.7 (3.6)	Age ≥18 Tested positive for COVID-19 Hospitalised between 6–25 Feb 2020	400mg of hydroxychloroquine daily for 5 days	Outcome of a nasopharyngeal swab on Day 7	86.7% (treatment) versus 93.3% (control) virologically cured, P>0.05