| GP knowsenough about HIV | GP is as involved as I want them to be in HIV care | Good communicationbetween GP and HIV specialist | Comfortableasking GP questions about HIV | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| %agreement | OR(95%CI) | P value | %agreement | OR(95% CI) | P value | %agreement | OR(95% CI) | P value | %agreement | OR(95% CI) | Pvalue | |
| Overall | 64.7 | 65.1 | 64.1 | 58.9 | ||||||||
| Gender and sexuality b | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.018 | ||||||||
| Gay and bisexual men | 57.6 | 1 | 69.2 | 1 | 57.3 | 1 | 57.6 | 1 | ||||
| Heterosexual men | 73.1 | 1.98 (1.65 to 2.37) | 67.4 | 0.94 (0.78 to 1.13) | 69.8 | 1.72 (1.41 to 2.10) | 65.4 | 1.39 (1.11 to 1.74) | ||||
| All women | 69.0 | 1.63 (1.36 to1.96) | 58.5 | 0.63 (0.52 to 0.74) | 70.0 | 1.73 (1.41 to 2.11) | 56.2 | 0.93 (0.82 to 1.08) | ||||
| Age , years | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| 15–34 | 56.3 | 1 | 57.6 | 1 | 52.3 | 1 | 48.3 | 1 | ||||
| 35–49 | 62.5 | 1.27 (1.02 to 1.60) | 61.3 | 1.15 (0.93 to 1.43) | 61.5 | 1.44 (1.12 to 1.86) | 55.2 | 1.31 (1.01 to 1.69) | ||||
| ≥50 | 69.3 | 1.74 (1.36 to 2.22) | 72.0 | 1.86 (1.43 to 2.43) | 70.0 | 2.10 (1.62 to 2.74) | 65.9 | 2.05 (1.57 to 2.67) | ||||
| Residence | 0.279 | 0.039 | <0.001 | 0.058 | ||||||||
| London | 65.0 | 1 | 62.3 | 1 | 59.1 | 1 | 57.3 | 1 | ||||
| South of England | 61.9 | 0.88 (0.74 to 1.05) | 68.3 | 1.29 (1.03 to 1.61) | 63.0 | 1.18 (0.93 to 1.51) | 59.7 | 1.03 (0.79 to 1.33) | ||||
| Midlands, East of England, and Wales | 64.4 | 0.99 (0.81 to 1.20) | 64.9 | 1.11 (0.87 to 1.41) | 69.0 | 1.55 (1.26 to 1.90) | 58.9 | 1.01 (0.84 to 1.22) | ||||
| North of England | 66.9 | 1.10 (0.90 to 1.20) | 69.9 | 1.38 (1.05 to 1.81) | 71.4 | 1.72 (1.44 to 1.51) | 63.6 | 1.31 (1.06 to 1.61) | ||||
| Education level | 0.033 | 0.158 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| Primary or less | 71.2 | 1 | 69.3 | 1 | 71.1 | 1 | 66.7 | 1 | ||||
| Upper secondary | 66.3 | 0.80 (0.60 to 1.07) | 66.7 | 0.87 (0.66 to 1.14) | 65.9 | 0.81 (0.55 to 1.20) | 62.1 | 0.84 (0.62 to 1.14) | ||||
| Technical & vocational | 66.6 | 0.80 (0.58 to 1.10) | 67.6 | 0.89 (0.60 to 1.32) | 68.1 | 0.89 (0.56 to 1.40) | 64.0 | 0.90 (0.65 to 1.24) | ||||
| Bachelor’s degree | 63.0 | 0.69 (0.51 to 0.93) | 64.8 | 0.80 (0.61 to 1.04) | 63.3 | 0.73 (0.50 to 1.06) | 55.5 | 0.64 (0.47 to 0.86) | ||||
| Postgraduate degree | 58.0 | 0.55 (0.37 to 0.82) | 62.7 | 0.72 (0.51 to 1.02) | 54.7 | 0.51 (0.34 to 0.76) | 51.5 | 0.54 (0.37 to 0.78) | ||||
| Employment status | 0.011 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| Employed | 62.2 | 1 | 63.9 | 1 | 60.7 | 1 | 56.8 | 1 | ||||
| Unemployed | 68.2 | 1.32 (0.97 to 1.78) | 60.5 | 0.86 (0.66 to 1.12) | 64.4 | 1.15 (0.91 to 1.45) | 60.4 | 1.16 (0.95 to 1.41) | ||||
| Economically inactivec | 67.5 | 1.26 (1.09 to 1.47) | 71.2 | 1.37 (1.13 to 1.65) | 70.5 | 1.53 (1.28 to 1.82) | 63.4 | 1.30 (1.14 to 1.48) | ||||
| Non-HIV comorbidities | <0.001 | 0.328 | 0.358 | 0.281 | ||||||||
| None | 67.4 | 1 | 62.4 | 1 | 62.8 | 1 | 60.2 | 1 | ||||
| One | 61.6 | 0.84 (0.72 to 0.99) | 65.0 | 1.10 (0.87 to 1.40) | 62.5 | 1.07 (0.85 to 1.33) | 58.5 | 0.98 (0.84 to 1.14) | ||||
| Two | 66.1 | 0.93 (0.76 to 1.15) | 67.3 | 1.23 (0.93 to 1.62) | 64.2 | 1.10 (0.89 to 1.35) | 61.0 | 0.98 (0.79 to 1.23) | ||||
| Three | 67.9 | 1.09 (0.82 to 1.45) | 69.4 | 1.34 (1.00 to 1.80) | 67.0 | 1.23 (0.93 to 1.63) | 58.4 | 0.99 (0.79 to 1.24) | ||||
| Four or more | 60.0 | 0.77 (0.63 to 0.94) | 66.0 | 1.17 (0.87 to 1.57) | 65.8 | 1.20 (098 to 1.46) | 56.4 | 0.87 (0.73 to 1.03) | ||||
| Self-rated health | <0.001 | 0.007 | 0.351 | 0.023 | ||||||||
| Good/very good | 66.9 | 1 | 66.2 | 1 | 64.7 | 1 | 60.7 | 1 | ||||
| Fair | 60.3 | 0.75 (0.63 to 0.90) | 64.2 | 0.91 (0.73 to 1.14) | 63.5 | 0.94 (0.80 to 1.11) | 55.5 | 0.81 (0.68 to 0.96) | ||||
| Bad/very bad | 55.2 | 0.61 (0.45 to 0.83) | 57.8 | 0.70 (0.56 to 0.87) | 60.2 | 0.83 (0.64 to 1.07) | 54.0 | 0.76 (0.59 to 0.97) | ||||
| Money for basic needs | 0.004 | <0.001 | 0.018 | 0.271 | ||||||||
| Yes, always | 62.3 | 1 | 70.1 | 1 | 61.3 | 1 | 60.1 | 1 | ||||
| Not always | 66.5 | 1.20 (1.06 to 1.36) | 61.3 | 0.66 (0.55 to 0.80) | 66.3 | 1.23 (1.04 to 1.46) | 58.0 | 0.92 (0.80 to 1.07) | ||||
| ART status | 0.737 | 0.611 | 0.936 | 0.259 | ||||||||
| On ART | 64.7 | 1 | 65.1 | 1 | 64.0 | 1 | 58.8 | 1 | ||||
| Not on ART | 63.2 | 0.92 (0.55 to 1.52) | 68.5 | 1.16 (0.64 to 2.11) | 63.9 | 0.98 (0.58 to 1.65) | 66.1 | 1.35 (0.80 to 2.29) | ||||
| Viral suppression d | 0.517 | 0.039 | 0.209 | 0.566 | ||||||||
| Yes | 63.7 | 1 | 65.1 | 1 | 63.7 | 1 | 58.5 | 1 | ||||
| No | 66.9 | 1.17 (0.72 to 1.92) | 51.7 | 0.58 (0.34 to 0.97) | 55.9 | 0.72 (0.43 to 1.20) | 54.7 | 0.86 (0.52 to 1.44) | ||||
| Year of HIV diagnosis | 0.013 | 0.038 | 0.053 | 0.191 | ||||||||
| Pre-1996 | 59.2 | 1 | 69.0 | 1 | 64.1 | 1 | 58.3 | 1 | ||||
| 1996–2005 | 65.6 | 1.29 (1.07 to 1.55) | 62.7 | 0.74 (0.59 to 0.94) | 66.1 | 1.09 (0.94 to 1.26) | 57.1 | 0.95 (0.75 to 1.20) | ||||
| 2006–2017 | 64.6 | 1.26 (1.07 to 1.49) | 65.7 | 0.86 (0.69 to 1.08) | 61.4 | 0.90 (0.77 to 1.05) | 59.9 | 1.08 (0.87 to 1.34) | ||||
| Worried about discrimination in health care due to HIV | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| Never | 70.5 | 1 | 69.4 | 1 | 67.6 | 1 | 65.8 | 1 | ||||
| >1 year ago | 55.7 | 0.52 (0.42 to 0.64) | 61.1 | 0.68 (0.57 to 0.81) | 59.7 | 0.70 (0.60 to 0.83) | 50.4 | 0.52 (0.44 to 0.62) | ||||
| In the last year | 49.8 | 0.42 (0.34 to 0.51) | 54.3 | 0.52 (0.40 to 0.69) | 53.9 | 0.56 (0.45 to 0.70) | 41.4 | 0.37 (0.30 to 0.45) | ||||
| Avoided seeking health care when needed due to HIV | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| Never | 67.6 | 1 | 68.3 | 1 | 65.7 | 1 | 62.3 | 1 | ||||
| >1 year ago | 53.0 | 0.55 (0.42 to 0.73) | 59.3 | 0.67 (0.51 to 0.90) | 56.6 | 0.67 (0.51 to 0.89) | 46.7 | 0.53 (0.42 to 0.66) | ||||
| In the last year | 43.6 | 0.37 (0.31 to 0.45) | 46.5 | 0.40 (0.33 to 0.50) | 52.7 | 0.58 (0.44 to 0.77) | 36.3 | 0.35 (0.28 to 0.43) |
ART = antiretroviral therapy. CI = confidence intervals. OR = odds ratio. PLHIV = people living with HIV.
aThe four 5-item Likert scale patient-reported experience measures (PREMS) on experience with their GP as relates to their HIV: 1)'My GP knows enough about my HIV condition and treatment'; 2) 'My GP is as involved as I want them to be with my HIV care'; 3) 'My HIV specialist and my GP communicate well regarding my health'; 4)'I am comfortable asking my GP questions about HIV'. Responses of ‘Strongly Agree‘ and ‘Agree‘ were combined, and ‘Disagree‘, ‘Strongly Disagree‘, and ‘Don’t know or Not applicable‘ were combined.
bTransmen and transwomen are included in the gender groups with which they self-identified. Due to small numbers, those who identify as non-binary/in another way (representing 0.5% of Positive Voices respondents) are excluded from the binary gender breakdown. Gay and bisexual men are identified as MSM (men who have sex with men) in the main text.
cEconomically inactive includes individuals who are not in employment or unemployed, including those who are retired, looking after family, long-term sick, carers, students, and those whose immigration status does not permit them to do paid work.
dViral suppression defined as VL <200 copies/ml in last reported viral load result in 2017.