| Parameter | Measure | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Physical characteristics | Anthrop | Height in centimetres, weight in kilograms, BMI kg/m2 |
| Vitals | Blood pressure (mmHg) | |
| Respiratory rate (breaths per minute) | ||
| Pulse rate (beats per minute) | ||
| Past medical history | N/A | Past and current medical problems and medications will be extracted from primary and secondary care records |
| Clinical events | HES | Hospital Episode Statistics (date, length of time and index reason for hospitalisations, accident and emergency attendances, and outpatient appointments) |
| Heart function | ECG | 12-lead ECG |
| Echo | Detailed echocardiogram with high-quality diastolic and right ventricle functional assessment | |
| Arterial stiffness a | PWV | A validated reproducible technique to investigate the clinical relevance of vascular and arterial stiffness36 |
| Peripheral oedema | N/A | Clinical assessment of oedema including level (extent) and presence or absence of pitting |
| Breathlessness and fatigue | mBORG | Valid, reliable measure of the intensity of the sensation of breathlessness and fatigue37 |
| Frailty | CFS | A validated measure of frailty based on clinical judgment38 |
| SHARE-FI | A validated automated instrument that generates a pre-calculated, population-representative, and sex-specific frailty class39 | |
| eFI | eFI uses routine medical record data to identify older people with mild, moderate, and severe frailty and will be abstracted from primary care records40 | |
| Comorbidity | CCI | Widely used validated measure of 1-year mortality risk and burden of disease41 |
| Cognition | MoCA | The MoCA is a brief cognitive screening tool with high sensitivity and specificity for detecting mild cognitive impairment42 |
| Physical functioning and activity | 6MWT | A standardised submaximal test of aerobic capacity, validated in multiple populations and conditions43 |
| GS | Gait speed measured over 10 metres, a valid objective measure of functional mobility44 | |
| Acceler | Objective measure of activity obtained via Axivity AX3 wrist-worn triaxial accelerometer programmed to start at 19:00 hours on the day of the baseline visit (to prevent capturing of protocol forced activity) and capture triaxial acceleration data over a 7-day period at 100 Hz with a dynamic range of +–8 g45 | |
| Laboratory testing | Biochem | Serum sodium, potassium, creatinine, urea, estimated GFR, random plasma glucose |
| Haem | White and red blood cell count, haemoglobin, haematocrit, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, red cell distribution width, platelet count, mean platelet volume, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil count | |
| Biomarkers | HbA1c | An indicator of the average blood glucose concentrations over the preceding ~2 months. |
| NP | Natriuretic peptides (NT-proBNP), a diagnostic marker in patients with heart failure | |
| Dietary intake a | Interview | One 24-hour dietary recalled will be collected to ascertain over or undernutrition in HFpEF patients |
| Anxiety and depression | HADS | HADS is a widely used questionnaire that screens for the separate dimensions of anxiety and depression and has been validated in multiple populations32 |
| HF QoL | KCCQ | KCCQ is a valid, reliable and responsive health status measure for patients with chronic heart failure that has been shown to have clinically meaningful changes33 |
| HF self-care | EHFScBQ | A valid, reliable and practical scale to measure the self-reported self-care behaviour of heart failure patients.34 |
| HF symptoms | SSQ-HF | Valid and reliable score to assess physical symptoms in patients with heart failure.35 |
| Health-related QoL | EQ-5D | The EQ-5D is a widely used five-domain patient-based generic questionnaire for self-perceived health assessment. It describes health-related quality of life and has been extensively validated. |
6MWT = 6-minute walk test. Acceler = accelerometry. Anthrop = anthropometry. Biochem = biochemistry. BMI = body mass index. CCI = Charlson comorbidity index. CFS = clinical frailty scale. ECG = electrocardiogram. Echo = echocardiogram. eFI = electronic frailty index. eGFR = estimated glomular filtration rate. EHFScBQ = European heart failure self-care behaviours questionnaire. EQ-5D = the EuroQol 5D questionnaire. GS = gait speed. HADS = hospital anxiety and depression score. Haem = haematology. HbA1c = glycated haemoglobin A1c. HES = hospital episode statistics. KCCQ = Kansas City cardiomyopathy questionnaire. mBORG = modified BORG. MoCA = Montreal cognitive assessment. N/A = not applicable. NP = natriuretic peptides. PWV = pulse wave velocity. QoL = quality of life. SHARE-FI = SHARE frailty instrument. SSQ-HF = symptom status questionnaire — heart failure.
aIndicates single site sub-study.