| GP referred/ recommended (n = 133) | Self-referred (n = 539) | P value | NHS paid for some or all (n = 117) | NHS did not pay (n = 649) | P value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % (of column) | n | % (of column) | n | % (of column) | n | % (of column) | |||
| Acupuncturea | 22 | 16 | 52 | 10 | 0.021 | 21 | 29 | 67 | 12 | 0.017 |
| Physiotherapist-delivered CAMab | 20 | 15 | 15 | 3 | <0.001 | 15 | 21 | 26 | 5 | <0.001 |
| Chiropractica | 13 | 10 | 67 | 13 | 0.42 | 5 | 7 | 82 | 14 | 0.009 |
| Osteopathy | 11 | 8 | 75 | 14 | 0.09 | 10 | 14 | 80 | 14 | 0.28 |
| Massagea | 9 | 6 | 110 | 20 | <0.001 | 10 | 14 | 133 | 23 | 0.002 |
| Yogaa | 4 | 3 | 45 | 8 | 0.036 | 2 | 3 | 50 | 9 | 0.015 |
| Pilates | 3 | 2 | 22 | 4 | 0.34 | 1 | 1 | 27 | 5 | 0.11 |
| Reflexology | 1 | 1 | 19 | 4 | 0.15 | 1 | 1 | 21 | 4 | 0.23 |
| Homeopathy | 1 | 1 | 17 | 3 | 0.13 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 4 | 0.057 |
| Meditation/ mindfulness | 4 | 3 | 12 | 2 | 0.58 | 4 | 6 | 16 | 3 | 0.53 |
| Reiki | 2 | 1 | 13 | 2 | 0.74 | 1 | 1 | 16 | 3 | 0.49 |
| Hypnotherapy | 2 | 1 | 12 | 2 | 0.62 | 1 | 1 | 14 | 2 | 0.71 |
| Herbal medicine | 3 | 2 | 10 | 2 | 0.74 | 1 | 1 | 13 | 2 | 0.39 |
| Chinese herbal medicine | 1 | 1 | 11 | 2 | 0.48 | 1 | 1 | 11 | 2 | 0.50 |
| Traditional medicineac | 6 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0.003 | 9 | 8 | 2 | >1 | <0.001 |
| Nutritional therapy | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0.09 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 1 | 0.19 |
aStatistically significant. bNot included in the list of CAM presented as part of the questionnaire but coded from open responses to Q2
cMay have been interpreted by participants as meaning conventional medicine.