| The risk of a Health Need (manifestation of illness) leading to a Health Outcome (mortality), modified by Interventions | Increased mortality rates if higher coronary heart disease (CHD) prevalence, but these rates can be reduced by smoking cessation, and by optimising blood pressure and lipid profiles in target populations. |
| Context (physical environment) affects the interaction between disease-related and person-related Illness Determinants to generate a Health Need | Air pollution combined with smoking increase the prevalence of chronic pulmonary disease and acute infections |
| Context modifying Illness Determinant leading to Health Need | UK legislation to ban smoking in buildings and other public places leading to fewer smokers and a reduction in age-related CHD mortality rates |
| Interaction between Context and Intervention | Influx of migrants with specific health needs may require health services to provide additional or different forms of health care to address their needs, with the aim of improving these populations’ health outcomes |