Box 1. Summary of early child development care package (adapted) ²¹

Intervention clinics	Care tasks delivered by clinic assistant: Ten minute tool-assisted, structured counselling session of mother (using flip-book), covering early childhood nutrition, early childhood development, and maternal mental health Provision of take-home brochure to mothers to revise key counselling messages for each child development milestone Follow-up of mother–child pairs in clinic at 3, 6, and 9 months of child age (including text message or telephone reminder, if required). Monitoring and screening of child growth, and child and maternal mental health Referral to clinic doctor in cases of malnourishment, signs of child development delay, or maternal depression
	Care task delivered by clinic doctor: Assessment and treatment (including referral to specialist) of childhood nutrition, development, or maternal depression
	Clinic assistants trained on: Conduct of structured counselling session using the flip-book Administration of the first two questions of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (known as PHQ-2) Measurement and recording of child length and weight
	Private GPs trained on: Clinical management of children with malnutrition and developmental delay in the private clinic setting and specialist referral Diagnosis of maternal depression PHQ-9
Intervention and control clinics	District health endorsement of early child development care at clinics Training on measurement of child weight and height, and record-keeping Recruitment of community advocates for referral and registration of mother–child pairs at clinics
Control clinics	Provision of usual routine care