Table 4. Association between type of index consultation for acute cystitis and antibiotic treatment (within 3 days) and repeat contacts (within 14 days), 2018–2021, Norwegian primary care. Binomial regression.
UnadjustedRisk ratio95% CIP value (α = 0.05)
1. Antibiotic treatment (any) within 3 days
In-person consultation1
Remote consultation0.970.97 to 0.98<0.001
2. Second-line antibiotic treatment within 3 days
In-person consultation1
Remote consultation1.051.03 to 1.07<0.001
3. Repeat cystitis contact within 14 days
In-person consultation1
Remote consultation1.111.09 to 1.13<0.001
4. Repeat contact for pyelonephritis within 14 days
In-person consultation1
Remote consultation0.550.45 to 0.67<0.001
Adjusted* for: Outcomes and type of index consultation Risk ratio 95% CI P value (α = 0.05)
Patient age, period, pregnancy, morbidity, and history of recurrent cystitis 1. Antibiotic treatment (any) within 3 days
In-person consultation1
Remote consultation0.980.97 to 0.98<0.001
Patient age, morbidity, and history of recurrent cystitis 2. Second-line antibiotic treatment within 3 days
In-person consultation1
Remote consultation1.041.02 to 1.06<0.001
Patient age, period, pregnancy, morbidity, history of recurrent cystitis and index antibiotic treatment 3. Repeat cystitis contact within 14 days
In-person consultation1
Remote consultation1.111.09 to 1.12<0.001
Patient age, pregnancy, morbidity, history of recurrent cystitis and index antibiotic treatment 4. Repeat contact for pyelonephritis within 14 days
In-person consultation1
Remote consultation0.570.47 to 0.70<0.001

  • *Adjustments included were judged by the authors to be clinically relevant and met the cutoff point of P<0.10 by univariate analyses (χ2 test).