TY - JOUR T1 - Ethnicity and socioeconomic status: missing in research means missing in clinical guidance JF - BJGP Open JO - BJGP Open DO - 10.3399/BJGPO.2021.0034 SP - BJGPO.2021.0034 AU - Eleanor Beard AU - Sharon Dixon AU - Tanvi Rai AU - Gail Hayward Y1 - 2021/05/26 UR - http://bjgpopen.org/content/early/2021/05/24/BJGPO.2021.0034.abstract N2 - As GPs, medical students and researchers serving diverse and disadvantaged communities, we are often frustrated by the lack of evidence for chronic disease management that is tailored to the populations we serve. The COVID-19 pandemic and the Black Lives Matter campaign have highlighted how racism and inequality persist in society and the impacts this has on health inequalities, including inequities in representation in clinical guidelines.Type 2 diabetes is an excellent example of a condition which is socially patterned and is also more prevalent in Asian and Black patients compared to those of White ethnicity in the UK, with differences in morbidity and mortality.1 The metabolism, the therapeutic effectiveness of drugs, and the risk of adverse drug reactions can vary significantly between different ethnic groups.2 There is also ethnic variation in drug compliance and healthseeking behaviours, which can reflect structural inequities in healthcare delivery.3 The intersection of ethnic minority status and low socioeconomic status (SES) can compound the effects of the health inequalities linked to ethnicity. SES influences disease prevalence and patient response to treatment,4 with greater challenges meeting diabetic care targets in areas of deprivation.5 Clinical trials often fail to include representative proportions of certain groups, such as ethnic minorities, women, or those with a low SES.6 This means that clinical guidance is often based on evidence that has not explored the best treatment options for individuals from these underrepresented groups.7 For type 2 diabetes, this … ER -