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Research

Implementation of the PPC-17 survey to identify children aged 8–17 years at risk of suffering from school bullying: a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study in French primary care

Nassir Messaadi, Lotfallah Zerhoui, Camille Vincent, Linda Charef, Teddy Richebe, Sébastien Leruste, Marc Bayen, Ingrid Bury, Matthieu Calafiore and Sabine Bayen
BJGP Open 30 June 2026; BJGPO.2025.0008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3399/BJGPO.2025.0008
Nassir Messaadi
1District of General Practice, University of Lille, Lille, France
2PSPU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
3INSERM 1172, University of Lille, Lille, France
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Lotfallah Zerhoui
1District of General Practice, University of Lille, Lille, France
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Camille Vincent
4F2RSM Psy Hauts-de-France, University of Lille, Lille, France
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Linda Charef
1District of General Practice, University of Lille, Lille, France
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Teddy Richebe
1District of General Practice, University of Lille, Lille, France
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Sébastien Leruste
5Department of General Practice, University of La Réunion, UFR Santé, CHU of Réunion Island, Saint-Pierre, France
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Marc Bayen
1District of General Practice, University of Lille, Lille, France
6MSPU Guesnain, University of Lille, Lille, France
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Ingrid Bury
2PSPU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
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Matthieu Calafiore
1District of General Practice, University of Lille, Lille, France
7Metrics, University of Lille, Lille, France
8MSPU Wattrelos, University of Lille, UFR3S, Lille, France
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Sabine Bayen
1District of General Practice, University of Lille, Lille, France
3INSERM 1172, University of Lille, Lille, France
6MSPU Guesnain, University of Lille, Lille, France
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  • ORCID record for Sabine Bayen
  • For correspondence: sabine.bayen{at}univ-lille.fr
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Article Figures & Data

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    Table 1. Sociodemographic data of the study population (N = 248)
    Characteristicn (%)
    Gender
    Boy117 (47.2)
    Girl131 (52.8)
    Age, years, mean (SD)a12.4 (3.0)
    Age group, years
    8–12131 (52.8)
    13–17117 (47.2)
    Establishment
    Primary (elementary school)83 (33.5)
    College (middle school)93 (37.5)
    Lycée (high school)67 (27.0)
    CAP2 (0.8)
    IME2 (0.8)
    ULIS1 (0.4)
    Class/level
    CE115 (6.0)
    CE216 (6.5)
    CM137 (14.9)
    CM216 (6.5)
    6ème31 (12.5)
    5ème20 (8.1)
    4ème21 (8.5)
    3ème20 (8.1)
    2nde23 (9.3)
    1ère18 (7.3)
    Tle25 (10.1)
    1ière professionnelle1 (0.4)
    CAP2 (0.8)
    IME2 (0.8)
    ULIS1 (0.4)
    • aRange = 8–17; median = 12. 1ère = 10th year or grade of high school. 1ière professionnelle = 1st professional school. 2nde = 9th year or grade of high school. 3ème = 8th year or grade of middle school. 4ème = 7th year or grade of middle school. 5ème = 6th year or grade of middle school. 6ème = 5th year or grade of elementary school. CAP = certificate of professional competence. CE1 = 1st year or grade of elementary school. CE2 = 2nd year or grade of elementary school. CM1 = 3rd year or grade of elementary school. CM2 = 4th year or grade of elementary school. IME = Medical Education Institute (special education). SD = standard deviation. Tle = 11th year or grade of high school. ULIS = Local Units of Inclusive Education.

    • View popup
    Table 2. Reasons for consulting a GP (N = 248)
    Reason for consultationn (%)
    ENT infection81 (32.7)
    Gastrologic30 (12.1)
    Vaccination20 (8.1)
    Orthopaedics19 (7.7)
    Prevention18 (7.3)
    Dermatology15 (6.0)
    Certificates14 (5.6)
    Cardiology6 (2.4)
    Pneumology5 (2.0)
    Traumatology5 (2.0)
    ENT non-infection5 (2.0)
    Neurology4 (1.6)
    Rheumatology4 (1.6)
    Gynaecology4 (1.6)
    Urology3 (1.2)
    Renewal of a treatment3 (1.2)
    Psychiatry3 (1.2)
    Haematology3 (1.2)
    Ophthalmology2 (0.8)
    Endocrinology1 (0.4)
    Infectious1 (0.4)
    Nutrition1 (0.4)
    Stomatology1 (0.4)
    • ENT = ear, nose, and throat.

    • View popup
    Table 3. The total PPC-17 score by age and gender
    CategoryTotalAll children (aged 8–12 years)All teenagers (aged 13–17 years)All boysGirls (aged 8–12 years)Boys (aged 8–12 years)Girls (aged 13–17 years)Boys (aged 13–17 years)All girls
    Total, n248131117117676464 53131
    Physical violence /21, avg (SD)3.5 (3.8)3.7 (4.0)3.2 (3.6)4.3 (4.2)2.8 (2.9)4.7 (4.7)2.7 (3.8) 3.9 (3.4)2.8 (3.4)
    Psychological violence /30, avg (SD)7.1 (5.8)6.5 (5.1)7.8 (6.4)6.7 (5.4)6.4 (5.0)6.5 (5.2)8.4 (7.1) 7.0 (5.6)7.4 (6.1)
    Isolation from other children2.5 (2.5)2.7 (2.6)2.2 (2.4)2.4 (2.5)2.7 (2.5)2.7 (2.8)2.4 (2.6) 2.1 (2.2)2.5 (2.5)
    Insults and mockery4.6 (3.9)3.8 (3.2)5.5 (4.4)4.3 (3.6)3.7 (3.2)3.8 (3.2)6.0 (4.8) 5.0 (3.9)4.8 (4.2)
    Total score, avg (SD)10.6 (8.6)10.2 (8.1)10.9 (9.1)11.1 (8.8)9.2 (6.8)11.4 (9.2)11.0 (9.8) 10.8 (8.2)10.1 (8.4)
    • avg = average. PPC-17 = persécution par les camarades; persecution by colleagues. SD = standard deviation.

    • View popup
    Table 4. Comparison of children with a suspicion of harassment considered high with children with a suspicion of harassment considered low, according to the average score on the PPC-17 scale
    CategoryChildren with strong suspicion of bullying,an = 86Children with low suspicion of bullying, n = 162P value
    Total PPC-17 score, avg (SD)18.1 (8.4)6.6 (5.4)<0.001b
    Gender, n (%)0.412
    Girl49 (57.0)82 (50.6)
    Boy37 (43.0)80 (49.4)
    Age, years, avg (SD)11.7 (2.9)12.8 (3.0)0.003b
    • aAnswered ‘often’ to at least one question on the PPC-17 scale. bSignificant result. avg = average. PPC-17 = persécution par les camarades; persecution by colleagues. SD = standard deviation.

    • View popup
    Table 5. Proportion of children who answered 'often' to the question, by age and gender
    QuestionTotal, n = 248Girls (aged 8–12 years),n = 67Boys (aged 8–12 years),n = 64Girls (aged 13–17 years),n = 64Boys (aged 13–17 years),n = 53
    1. Has another pupil ever told others that they should no longer talk to you?18 (7.3)5 (7.5)8 (12.5)5 (7.8)0 (0.0)
    2. Has another pupil ever told others that they should no longer be friends with you?25 (10.1)7 (10.4)7 (10.9)10 (15.6)1 (1.9)
    3. Has another pupil ever said that you must not sit next to him or her?6 (2.4)1 (1.5)3 (4.7)0 (0.0)2 (3.8)
    4. Has another pupil ever insulted you?30 (12.1)5 (7.5)8 (12.5)11 (17.2)6 (11.3)
    5. Has another pupil ever made fun of you in a nasty way?24 (9.7)5 (7.5)6 (9.4)10 (15.6)3 (5.7)
    6. Has another pupil ever made fun of you because of your height or weight?18 (7.3)6 (9.0)3 (4.7)9 (14.1)0 (0.0)
    7. Has another pupil ever made fun of you because of your hairstyle or clothes?9 (3.6)2 (3.0)1 (1.6)4 (6.3)2 (3.8)
    8. Has another pupil ever said that you must no longer play with the others?5 (2.0)2 (3.0)2 (3.1)0 (0.0)1 (1.9)
    9. Has another pupil ever played nasty tricks on you?17 (6.9)1 (1.5)7 (10.9)7 (10.9)2 (3.8)
    10. Has another pupil ever said bad things about you to others?26 (10.5)3 (4.5)5 (7.8)15 (23.4)3 (5.7)
    11. Has another pupil ever hidden your things to upset you?14 (5.6)4 (6.0)5 (7.8)1 (1.6)4 (7.5)
    12. Has another pupil ever forced you to give him or her something by threatening you?6 (2.4)1 (1.5)4 (6.3)1 (1.6)0 (0.0)
    13. Has another pupil ever threatened to hit you?13 (5.2)1 (1.5)5 (7.8)6 (9.4)1 (1.9)
    14. Has another pupil ever kicked you?11 (4.4)3 (4.5)6 (9.4)1 (1.6)1 (1.9)
    15. Has another pupil ever bitten or scratched you?1 (0.4)0 (0.0)1 (1.6)0 (0.0)0 (0.0)
    16. Has another pupil ever hit you?11 (4.4)2 (3.0)7 (10.9)2 (3.1)0 (0.0)
    17. Has another pupil ever pushed you, shoved you, or tripped you up?14 (5.6)2 (3.0)7 (10.9)5 (7.8)0 (0.0)

Supplementary Data

  • SB_10.3399BJGPO.2025.0008_supp_v2.pdf -

    Supplementary material is not copyedited or typeset, and is published as supplied by the author(s). The author(s) retain(s) responsibility for its accuracy.

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Implementation of the PPC-17 survey to identify children aged 8–17 years at risk of suffering from school bullying: a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study in French primary care
Nassir Messaadi, Lotfallah Zerhoui, Camille Vincent, Linda Charef, Teddy Richebe, Sébastien Leruste, Marc Bayen, Ingrid Bury, Matthieu Calafiore, Sabine Bayen
BJGP Open 30 June 2026; BJGPO.2025.0008. DOI: 10.3399/BJGPO.2025.0008

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Implementation of the PPC-17 survey to identify children aged 8–17 years at risk of suffering from school bullying: a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study in French primary care
Nassir Messaadi, Lotfallah Zerhoui, Camille Vincent, Linda Charef, Teddy Richebe, Sébastien Leruste, Marc Bayen, Ingrid Bury, Matthieu Calafiore, Sabine Bayen
BJGP Open 30 June 2026; BJGPO.2025.0008. DOI: 10.3399/BJGPO.2025.0008
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Keywords

  • primary health care
  • risk assessment
  • bullying
  • schools
  • cross-sectional studies
  • surveys and questionnaires

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