Artificial intelligence in general practice in Germany: an online survey of current use, perceived benefits, barriers, and future needs

Background Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly recognised as a transformative tool in healthcare. However, despite these prospects, the adoption of AI in primary care remains limited in Germany due to various concerns.

Aim This study investigates current AI use, perceived barriers, and training needs among general practitioners (GPs). It also compares attitudes of current users and non-users of AI technologies.

Design & setting By using a cross-sectional design, practicing GPs in the Free State of Saxony, Germany, received an online survey between November 2024 and January 2025.

Method In total, 1620 GPs received an invitation and two additional reminders to complete the survey via REDCap.

Results 154 GPs completed the questionnaire, of which n=70 currently use AI in practice, predominantly for therapy (n=51, 72.9%) and speech recognition/transcription (n=47, 67.1%). The biggest barrier to AI implementation was a lack of knowledge about suitable AI-based applications and of how AI works. Compared to AI users, non-users expressed greater legal concerns, more concerns about patient acceptance, less familiarity with suitable AI applications, and perceived AI as less relevant to their daily work. To reduce barriers, participants emphasized a favourable cost–benefit ratio of AI applications and facilitating seamless integration into practice software. The majority of respondents (n=83, 55.7%) expressed a need for further training on using AI. GPs emphasised the importance of maintaining the interpersonal relationship in healthcare.

Conclusion Our study underscores the need for targeted training programs that address GPs’ specific needs and concerns.