RCT
|
McKinstry (UK, 2002)18
| Not specified blood test | All conditions | 8 (4%) | 10 (5%) | Not reported |
Not specified urine test | 6 (3%) | 8 (4%) |
X-ray | 1 (0.6%) | 5 (3%) |
Cross-sectional studies
|
Gordon (US, 2017)b
16
| Not specified lab tests | UTI | 85 (20.6%) | 1095 (88.4%) |
<
0.001*
|
Pharyngitis | 45 (15.8%) | 627 (73.5%) |
<
0.001*
|
Sinusitis | 185 (11%) | 1302 (25.7%) |
<
0.001*
|
Bronchitis | 40 (10.1%) | 308 (25.8%) |
<
0.001*
|
Not specified Imaging | Cough | 18 (11.4) | 111 (23.5) |
0.001*
|
Bronchitis | 34 (8.6%) | 212 (17.8%) |
<
0.001*
|
UTI | 34 (8.2%) | 227 (18.3%) |
<
0.001*
|
URI | 69 (8.1%) | 236 (9.3%) | 0.31 |
Sinusitis | 90 (5.3%) | 497 (9.8%) |
<
0.001*
|
Murray (US, 2020)c
20
| Urinalysis/dip stick | UTI | 8 (5%) | 140 (93%) |
<
0.0001*
|
Urine culture | 11 (7%) | 31 (21%) |
<
0.001*
|
Norden (US, 2020)d
21
| Not specified lab tests | Pharyngitis | 0.125 | 0.207 | 0.55 |
URI excluding pharyngitis | 0.023 | 0.129 | 0.096 |
Otitis media | 0.250 | 0.107 | 0.60 |
Ray (US, 2019)24
| Strep test | Streptococcal Pharyngitis | 7 (1%) | 10 878 (67%) | Not reported |
Shi (US, 2018)25
| Strep test | Streptococcal Pharyngitis | 9 (4%) | 17 818 (68%) | Not reported |