Overall
| 64.7 | | | 65.1 | | | 64.1 | | | 58.9 | |
Gender and sexuality
b
| | | <0.001 | | | <0.001 | | | <0.001 | | | 0.018 |
Gay and bisexual men | 57.6 | 1 | | 69.2 | 1 | | 57.3 | 1 | | 57.6 | 1 | |
Heterosexual men | 73.1 | 1.98 (1.65 to 2.37) | | 67.4 | 0.94 (0.78 to 1.13) | | 69.8 | 1.72 (1.41 to 2.10) | | 65.4 | 1.39 (1.11 to 1.74) | |
All women | 69.0 | 1.63 (1.36 to1.96) | | 58.5 | 0.63 (0.52 to 0.74) | | 70.0 | 1.73 (1.41 to 2.11) | | 56.2 | 0.93 (0.82 to 1.08) | |
Age
, years
| | | <0.001 | | | <0.001 | | | <0.001 | | | <0.001 |
15–34 | 56.3 | 1 | | 57.6 | 1 | | 52.3 | 1 | | 48.3 | 1 | |
35–49 | 62.5 | 1.27 (1.02 to 1.60) | | 61.3 | 1.15 (0.93 to 1.43) | | 61.5 | 1.44 (1.12 to 1.86) | | 55.2 | 1.31 (1.01 to 1.69) | |
≥50 | 69.3 | 1.74 (1.36 to 2.22) | | 72.0 | 1.86 (1.43 to 2.43) | | 70.0 | 2.10 (1.62 to 2.74) | | 65.9 | 2.05 (1.57 to 2.67) | |
Residence
| | | 0.279 | | | 0.039 | | | <0.001 | | | 0.058 |
London | 65.0 | 1 | | 62.3 | 1 | | 59.1 | 1 | | 57.3 | 1 | |
South of England | 61.9 | 0.88 (0.74 to 1.05) | | 68.3 | 1.29 (1.03 to 1.61) | | 63.0 | 1.18 (0.93 to 1.51) | | 59.7 | 1.03 (0.79 to 1.33) | |
Midlands, East of England, and Wales | 64.4 | 0.99 (0.81 to 1.20) | | 64.9 | 1.11 (0.87 to 1.41) | | 69.0 | 1.55 (1.26 to 1.90) | | 58.9 | 1.01 (0.84 to 1.22) | |
North of England | 66.9 | 1.10 (0.90 to 1.20) | | 69.9 | 1.38 (1.05 to 1.81) | | 71.4 | 1.72 (1.44 to 1.51) | | 63.6 | 1.31 (1.06 to 1.61) | |
Education level
| | | 0.033 | | | 0.158 | | | <0.001 | | | <0.001 |
Primary or less | 71.2 | 1 | | 69.3 | 1 | | 71.1 | 1 | | 66.7 | 1 | |
Upper secondary | 66.3 | 0.80 (0.60 to 1.07) | | 66.7 | 0.87 (0.66 to 1.14) | | 65.9 | 0.81 (0.55 to 1.20) | | 62.1 | 0.84 (0.62 to 1.14) | |
Technical & vocational | 66.6 | 0.80 (0.58 to 1.10) | | 67.6 | 0.89 (0.60 to 1.32) | | 68.1 | 0.89 (0.56 to 1.40) | | 64.0 | 0.90 (0.65 to 1.24) | |
Bachelor’s degree | 63.0 | 0.69 (0.51 to 0.93) | | 64.8 | 0.80 (0.61 to 1.04) | | 63.3 | 0.73 (0.50 to 1.06) | | 55.5 | 0.64 (0.47 to 0.86) | |
Postgraduate degree | 58.0 | 0.55 (0.37 to 0.82) | | 62.7 | 0.72 (0.51 to 1.02) | | 54.7 | 0.51 (0.34 to 0.76) | | 51.5 | 0.54 (0.37 to 0.78) | |
Employment status
| | | 0.011 | | | <0.001 | | | <0.001 | | | <0.001 |
Employed | 62.2 | 1 | | 63.9 | 1 | | 60.7 | 1 | | 56.8 | 1 | |
Unemployed | 68.2 | 1.32 (0.97 to 1.78) | | 60.5 | 0.86 (0.66 to 1.12) | | 64.4 | 1.15 (0.91 to 1.45) | | 60.4 | 1.16 (0.95 to 1.41) | |
Economically inactivec
| 67.5 | 1.26 (1.09 to 1.47) | | 71.2 | 1.37 (1.13 to 1.65) | | 70.5 | 1.53 (1.28 to 1.82) | | 63.4 | 1.30 (1.14 to 1.48) | |
Non-HIV comorbidities
| | | <0.001 | | | 0.328 | | | 0.358 | | | 0.281 |
None | 67.4 | 1 | | 62.4 | 1 | | 62.8 | 1 | | 60.2 | 1 | |
One | 61.6 | 0.84 (0.72 to 0.99) | | 65.0 | 1.10 (0.87 to 1.40) | | 62.5 | 1.07 (0.85 to 1.33) | | 58.5 | 0.98 (0.84 to 1.14) | |
Two | 66.1 | 0.93 (0.76 to 1.15) | | 67.3 | 1.23 (0.93 to 1.62) | | 64.2 | 1.10 (0.89 to 1.35) | | 61.0 | 0.98 (0.79 to 1.23) | |
Three | 67.9 | 1.09 (0.82 to 1.45) | | 69.4 | 1.34 (1.00 to 1.80) | | 67.0 | 1.23 (0.93 to 1.63) | | 58.4 | 0.99 (0.79 to 1.24) | |
Four or more | 60.0 | 0.77 (0.63 to 0.94) | | 66.0 | 1.17 (0.87 to 1.57) | | 65.8 | 1.20 (098 to 1.46) | | 56.4 | 0.87 (0.73 to 1.03) | |
Self-rated health
| | | <0.001 | | | 0.007 | | | 0.351 | | | 0.023 |
Good/very good | 66.9 | 1 | | 66.2 | 1 | | 64.7 | 1 | | 60.7 | 1 | |
Fair | 60.3 | 0.75 (0.63 to 0.90) | | 64.2 | 0.91 (0.73 to 1.14) | | 63.5 | 0.94 (0.80 to 1.11) | | 55.5 | 0.81 (0.68 to 0.96) | |
Bad/very bad | 55.2 | 0.61 (0.45 to 0.83) | | 57.8 | 0.70 (0.56 to 0.87) | | 60.2 | 0.83 (0.64 to 1.07) | | 54.0 | 0.76 (0.59 to 0.97) | |
Money for basic needs
| | | 0.004 | | | <0.001 | | | 0.018 | | | 0.271 |
Yes, always | 62.3 | 1 | | 70.1 | 1 | | 61.3 | 1 | | 60.1 | 1 | |
Not always | 66.5 | 1.20 (1.06 to 1.36) | | 61.3 | 0.66 (0.55 to 0.80) | | 66.3 | 1.23 (1.04 to 1.46) | | 58.0 | 0.92 (0.80 to 1.07) | |
ART status
| | | 0.737 | | | 0.611 | | | 0.936 | | | 0.259 |
On ART | 64.7 | 1 | | 65.1 | 1 | | 64.0 | 1 | | 58.8 | 1 | |
Not on ART | 63.2 | 0.92 (0.55 to 1.52) | | 68.5 | 1.16 (0.64 to 2.11) | | 63.9 | 0.98 (0.58 to 1.65) | | 66.1 | 1.35 (0.80 to 2.29) | |
Viral suppression
d
| | | 0.517 | | | 0.039 | | | 0.209 | | | 0.566 |
Yes | 63.7 | 1 | | 65.1 | 1 | | 63.7 | 1 | | 58.5 | 1 | |
No | 66.9 | 1.17 (0.72 to 1.92) | | 51.7 | 0.58 (0.34 to 0.97) | | 55.9 | 0.72 (0.43 to 1.20) | | 54.7 | 0.86 (0.52 to 1.44) | |
Year of HIV diagnosis
| | | 0.013 | | | 0.038 | | | 0.053 | | | 0.191 |
Pre-1996 | 59.2 | 1 | | 69.0 | 1 | | 64.1 | 1 | | 58.3 | 1 | |
1996–2005 | 65.6 | 1.29 (1.07 to 1.55) | | 62.7 | 0.74 (0.59 to 0.94) | | 66.1 | 1.09 (0.94 to 1.26) | | 57.1 | 0.95 (0.75 to 1.20) | |
2006–2017 | 64.6 | 1.26 (1.07 to 1.49) | | 65.7 | 0.86 (0.69 to 1.08) | | 61.4 | 0.90 (0.77 to 1.05) | | 59.9 | 1.08 (0.87 to 1.34) | |
Worried about discrimination in health care due to HIV
| | | <0.001 | | | <0.001 | | | <0.001 | | | <0.001 |
Never | 70.5 | 1 | | 69.4 | 1 | | 67.6 | 1 | | 65.8 | 1 | |
>1 year ago | 55.7 | 0.52 (0.42 to 0.64) | | 61.1 | 0.68 (0.57 to 0.81) | | 59.7 | 0.70 (0.60 to 0.83) | | 50.4 | 0.52 (0.44 to 0.62) | |
In the last year | 49.8 | 0.42 (0.34 to 0.51) | | 54.3 | 0.52 (0.40 to 0.69) | | 53.9 | 0.56 (0.45 to 0.70) | | 41.4 | 0.37 (0.30 to 0.45) | |
Avoided seeking health
care when needed due to HIV
| | | <0.001 | | | <0.001 | | | <0.001 | | | <0.001 |
Never | 67.6 | 1 | | 68.3 | 1 | | 65.7 | 1 | | 62.3 | 1 | |
>1 year ago | 53.0 | 0.55 (0.42 to 0.73) | | 59.3 | 0.67 (0.51 to 0.90) | | 56.6 | 0.67 (0.51 to 0.89) | | 46.7 | 0.53 (0.42 to 0.66) | |
In the last year | 43.6 | 0.37 (0.31 to 0.45) | | 46.5 | 0.40 (0.33 to 0.50) | | 52.7 | 0.58 (0.44 to 0.77) | | 36.3 | 0.35 (0.28 to 0.43) | |