Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1. Flowchart showing the patient selection and the number of (long-term) prescriptions. ICPC = International Classification of Primary Care
- Figure 2. Number of patients with vestibular International Classification of Primary Care codes (N17, N17.01, N17.02, H82, H82.01, H82.02, H82.03) who received at least one anti-vertigo drug prescription.a per 1000 patients per year and the relative change in this number in 2020 versus 2018, per region in the Netherlands and for the total cohort (all practices combined). Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical codes: N07CA01, N07CA02, N07CA03, N07CA52.
AHON = Academic General Practitioner Network Northern Netherlands. ANHA = Academic Network of General Practice Amsterdam UMC. JGPN = Julius General Practitioners’ Network. RNFM = Research Network Family Medicine
Tables
Patient characteristicsa (n = 73 650) Age (median [IQR]) 59 years (43–73) Gender (n [%]) 48 645 female (66) Diagnosed vestibular disorder (n ([%)]) N17 (Vertigo or dizziness) 31 133 (42) N17.01 (Rotatory vertigo) 9360 (13) N17.02 (Lightheadedness) 14 296 (19) H82 (Vertiginous syndrome) 15 821 (21) H82.01 (Ménière’s disease) 1650 (2) H82.02 (Vestibular neuritis) 2503 (3) H82.03 (BPPV) 13 651 (19) Comorbidity (n [%]) Cardiovascular diseaseb 25 419 (35) Diabetesc 472 (1) Cerebrovascular diseased 5242 (7) Anxiety disordere 6208 (8) Depressive disorderf 9768 (13) Polypharmacyg 5011 (7) General practice characteristics (n = 269) Registered patients (n [%]) ≤5000 176 (65) >5000 93 (35) Employed GPs (n [%]) 1 93 (35) 2 43 (16) 3–4 65 (24) 5–8 48 (18) >8 19 (7) Missing 1 (0.4) Degree of urbanisation h (n [%]) Not or hardly urbanised 57 (21) Moderately urbanised 27 (10) Strongly urbanised 58 (22) Extremely urbanised 124 (46) Missing 3 (1) aThis includes patients with registered vestibular International Classification of Primary Care codes (N17, N17.01, N17.02, H82, H82.01, H82.02, and/or H82.03). bInternational Classification of Primary Care codes: K86, K87, K83, K84, K75, K76. cInternational Classification of Primary Care code: T90. dInternational Classification of Primary Care codes: K89, K90. eInternational Classification of Primary Care code: P74. fInternational Classification of Primary Care code: P76.gInternational Classification of Primary Care code: A49.02. hDefinition: not or hardly urbanised =<1000 surrounding addresses. Moderately urbanised = 1000–1500 surrounding addresses. Strongly urbanised = 1500–2500 surrounding addresses. Extremely urbanised =>2500 surrounding addresses.
BPPV = benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.
- Table 2. Characteristics associated with long-term anti-vertigo drug prescriptions (that is, prescriptions for a total duration of 90 days or more in 12 months’ time)
Characteristic Long-term prescription
(≥90 days within 12 months)
(n = 3382)No long-term prescription (<90 days within 12 months)
(n = 6079)Univariable analysis (OR [95% CI]) Multivariable analysis (OR [95%CI]) Age (median [IQR]) 73 (62–82) 62 (49–75) 1.04 (1.04 to 1.04)a 1.04 (1.03 to 1.04)a Sex, female (%) 71 72 0.99 (0.91 to 1.09) 1.03 (0.93 to 1.14) Vestibular symptom or disorder (%) N17 (Vertigo or dizziness) 15 13 1.16 (1.02 to 1.31)a 1.06 (0.93 to 1.21) N17.01 (Rotatory vertigo) 4 5 0.86 (0.70 to 1.05) 0.87 (0.70 to 1.08) N17.02 (Lightheadedness) 2 3 0.62 (0.46 to 0.83)a 0.54 (0.39 to 0.74)a H82 (Vertiginous syndrome) 9 9 1.05 (0.91 to 1.22) 0.97 (0.83 to 1.14) H82.01 (Ménière’s disease) 11 3 4.44 (3.68 to 5.34)a 4.15 (3.42 to 5.05)a H82.02 (Vestibular neuritis) 1 2 0.73 (0.50 to 1.05) 0.82 (0.56 to 1.21) H82.03 (BPPV) 5 8 0.62 (0.52 to 0.75)a 0.68 (0.57 to 0.83)a Comorbidity (%) K86 (Hypertension, uncomplicated) 36 26 1.56 (1.43 to 1.71)a 1.07 (0.96 to 1.18) K87 (Hypertension, complicated) 7 5 1.56 (1.29 to 1.87)a 1.02 (0.84 to 1.25) K83 (Heart valve disease) 2 1 1.54 (1.09 to 2.16)a 0.96 (0.67 to 1.38) K84 (Heart disease, other) 2 1 2.11 (1.50 to 2.96)a 1.35 (0.94 to 1.95) K75 (Acute myocardial infarction) 6 4 1.70 (1.39 to 2.08)a 1.12 (0.90 to 1.39) K76 (Ischaemic heart disease without angina) 2 1 1.76 (1.26 to 2.46)a 1.16 (0.82 to 1.65) K89 (Transient cerebral ischaemia) 6 4 1.57 (1.29 to 1.91)a 0.97 (0.79 to 1.19) K90 (Stroke or cerebrovascular accident) 4 2 1.55 (1.22 to 1.97)a 1.00 (0.77 to 1.29) T90 (Diabetes) 1 1 1.35 (0.79 to 2.30) 1.22 (0.70 to 2.13) P74 (Anxiety disorder or anxiety state) 5 6 0.86 (0.71 to 1.03) 1.05 (0.86 to 1.29) P76 (Depressive disorder) 10 11 0.91 (0.79 to 1.04) 1.03 (0.89 to 1.20) A49.2 (Polypharmacy) 7 4 1.79 (1.49 to 2.14)a 1.06 (0.87 to 1.29) Registered patients (%) >5000 (in comparison with≤5000) 55% 53% 1.11 (1.02 to 1.21)a 1.12 (0.99 to 1.26) Employed GPs (%) 1b 25 27 1.0 1.0 2 12 11 1.14 (0.98 to 1.32) 1.15 (0.98 to 1.35) 3–4 28 27 1.11 (0.99 to 1.24) 1.06 (0.93 to 1.20) 5–8 23 23 1.06 (0.94 to 1.19) 1.11 (0.95 to 1.30) >8 12 12 1.10 (0.95 to 1.27) 1.04 (0.86 to 1.26) Degree of urbanisation (%)c Not or hardly urbanisedb 23 21 1.0 1.0 Moderately urbanised 17 13 1.14 (0.99 to 1.32) 1.10 (0.94 to 1.28) Strongly urbanised 29 29 0.90 (0.80 to 1.01) 0.95 (0.83 to 1.08) Extremely urbanised 30 36 0.75 (0.66 to 0.84)a 0.82 (0.72 to 0.93)a aSignificant association, P<0.05. bReference category. cDefinition: not/hardly urbanised = <1000 surrounding addresses. Moderately urbanised =1000–1500 surrounding addresses. Strongly urbanised = 1500–2500 surrounding addresses. Extremely urbanised = >2500 surrounding addresses. BPPV = benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. CI = confidence interval. OR = odds ratio
Supplementary Data
- HTTN_10.3399BJGPO.2025.0052_supp_v1.pdf -
Supplementary material is not copyedited or typeset, and is published as supplied by the author(s). The author(s) retain(s) responsibility for its accuracy.
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