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History
- Received January 23, 2025
- Accepted April 17, 2025
- Published online December 19, 2025.
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- Previous version (June 11, 2025 - 06:12).
- Previous version (November 18, 2025 - 16:30).
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Copyright & Usage
Copyright © 2025, The Authors This article is Open Access: CC BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Author Information
- Scott R Walter1,2,*,
- Chris Salisbury2,3,
- Lauren J Scott1,2,
- Frank de Vocht1,2,
- John Macleod1,3,
- Yoav Ben-Shlomo1,2,
- Helen J Curtis4,
- Aziz Sheikh5,
- Srinivasa V Katikireddi6,
- Amir Mehrkar4,
- Sebastian Bacon4,
- George Hickman4,
- Ben Goldacre4,
- The OpenSAFELY Collective4 and
- Maria Theresa Redaniel1,2
- 1 National Institute for Health and Care Research, Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West), University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
- 2 Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- 3 Centre for Academic Primary Care, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- 4 Bennett Institute for Applied Data Science, Nuffield Department of Primary Care, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- 5 Nuffield Department of Primary Care, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- 6 MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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*For correspondence:
Scott R Walter, scott.walter{at}bristol.ac.uk






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