Article Information
PubMed
Published By
History
- Received July 4, 2024
- Revision received August 26, 2024
- Accepted November 4, 2024
- Published online July 23, 2025.
Article Versions
- Previous version (January 17, 2025 - 01:04).
- Previous version (April 22, 2025 - 05:39).
- You are viewing the most recent version of this article.
Copyright & Usage
Copyright © 2025, The Authors This article is Open Access: CC BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Author Information
- Julie Domen1,*,
- Rune Aabenhus2,
- Anca Balan3,
- Emily Bongard4,
- Femke Böhmer5,
- Valerija Bralić Lang6,
- Pascale Bruno7,
- Slawomir Chlabicz8,
- Annelies Colliers1,
- Ana García-Sangenís9,
- Hrachuhi Ghazaryan10,
- Anna Kowalczyk11,
- Siri Jensen12,
- Christos Lionis13,
- Tycho M van der Linde14,
- Lile Malania15,
- Jozsef Pauer16,
- Angela Tomacinschii17,
- Akke Vellinga18,
- Ihor Zastavnyy19,
- Herman Goossens20,
- Christopher C Butler4,
- Alike W van der Velden14,† and
- Samuel Coenen1,20,†
- 1 Department of Family Medicine & Population Health, Belgium, University of Antwerp, Antwerp
- 2 Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- 3 BALAN MEDFAM SRL, Cluj Napoca, Romania
- 4 Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- 5 Institute of General Practice, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- 6 Department of Family Medicine, "Andrija Stampar" School of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- 7 Département de Santé Publique, France, Université Côte d’Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice
- 8 Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- 9 Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain
- 10 Wigmore clinic, Yerevan and Yerevan State Medical University, Armenia, Yerevan
- 11 Centre for Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- 12 The Antibiotic Centre for Primary Care, Department of General Practice, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- 13 Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- 14 Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands, Utrecht
- 15 National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi and Arner Science Management LLC, Tbilisi, Georgia
- 16 DRC Drug Research Centre, Balatonfüred, Hungary
- 17 University Clinic of Primary Medical Assistance of State University of Medicine and Pharmacy “N. Testemițanu”, Chişinǎu, Moldova
- 18 School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- 19 NGO “Academy of Family Medicine of Ukraine”, Lviv, Ukraine
- 20 Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- ↵
*For correspondence:
Julie Domen, Julie.Domen{at}uantwerpen.be
↵† These authors contributed equally to this work






LinkedIn