Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1. Patient selection
- Figure 2. Helicobacter pylori (HP) eradication treatments: a) first HP eradication treatment; b) second HP eradication treatment; and c) initial antibiotic regimes of patients that received a second eradication treatment
- Figure 3. Percentage of Helicobacter pylori treatment failure over the years 2011–2019
Tables
Characteristic Gastric symptoms (n = 138 455) HP positive (n = 5224) Successful treatment (n = 4808) Treatment failure (n = 416) Male, n (%) 60 072 (43) 2094 (40) 1940 (40) 154 (37) Age, years, mean (SD) 56.7 (18.2) 53.6 (15.6) 53.8 (15.7) 50.4 (14.7) BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD)a 28.5 (5.7) 28.7 (5.8) 28.6 (5.7) 29.5 (6.4) Smoking, n (%)b Yes 18 204 (13) 725 (14) 658 (14) 67 (16) No 55 (0) 2 (0) 2 (0) 0 (0) Alcohol, n (%)c Yes 23 991 (17) 610 (12) 585 (12) 25 (6) No 4522 (3) 217 (4) 198 (4) 19 (5) Comorbidity, n (%) Diabetes mellitus 9491 (7) 397 (8) 367 (8) 30 (7) Heart failure 5269 (4) 147 (3) 136 (3) 11 (3) Ischaemic heart disease 5546 (4) 180 (3) 169 (4) 11 (3) Hypertension 24 298 (18) 908 (17) 836 (17) 72 (17) Cerebrovascular accident 2695 (2) 81 (2) 77 (2) 4 (1) COPD 3866 (3) 102 (2) 97 (2) 5 (1) Drug use in year before HP eradication, n (%) Acid inhibitiond NA 2961 (57) 2738 (57) 223 (54) Proton pump inhibitor NA 2707 (52) 2505 (52) 202 (49) H2-receptor antagonist NA 472 (9) 426 (9) 46 (11) Antibioticsd NA 1232 (24) 1106 (23) 126 (30) β-lactams NA 708 (14) 631 (13) 77 (19) Tetracyclines NA 329 (6) 298 (6) 31 (7) Macrolides NA 264 (5) 217 (5) 47 (11) Quinolones NA 163 (3) 151 (3) 12 (3) Othere NA 102 (2) 90 (2) 12 (3) aMissing, n = 82 432 (60%). bMissing, n = 120 196 (87%). cMissing, n = 109 941 (79%). dFor the subcategories, combinations (for example, double users) are included in the numbers. eOther included metronidazole and rifamycin. BMI = body mass index. COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. HP = Helicobacter pylori. NA = not applicable. SD = standard deviation.
Univariable logistic regression Multivariable logistic regression Characteristic OR 95% CI P-value OR 95% CI P-value Female 1.151 0.935 to 1.416 0.184 Age, increment per year 0.986 0.980 to 0.992 <0.001 0.986 0.979 to 0.992 <0.001 Diabetes mellitus 0.940 0.639 to 1.384 0.756 Hypertension 0.994 0.763 to 1.296 0.967 Duration eradication therapy >7 days 0.613 0.427 to 0.880 0.008 0.626 0.435 to 0.901 0.012 Acid inhibition used in year before eradication therapy 0.874 0.715 to 1.068 0.187 β-lactams used in year before eradication therapy 1.504 1.158 to 1.952 0.002 1.359 1.029 to 1.796 0.031 Tetracyclines used in year before eradication therapy 1.219 0.830 to 1.790 0.313 Macrolides used in year before eradication therapy 2.695 1.932 to 3.758 <0.001 2.758 1.946 to 3.908 <0.001 OR = odds ratio.
Supplementary Data
- GVDB_10.3399BJGPO.2023.0252_supp.pdf -
Supplementary material is not copyedited or typeset, and is published as supplied by the author(s). The author(s) retain(s) responsibility for its accuracy.
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Treatment failure of Helicobacter pylori in primary care: a retrospective cohort study
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