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Protocol

Treatment burden in multiple long-term conditions: a mixed-methods study protocol

Rachel Johnson, Anastasiia G Kovalenko, Thomas Blakeman, Maria Panagioti, Michael Lawton, Shoba Dawson, Polly Duncan, Simon DS Fraser, Jose M Valderas, Simon Chilcott, Rebecca Goulding and Chris Salisbury
BJGP Open 2023; 7 (4): BJGPO.2023.0097. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3399/BJGPO.2023.0097
Rachel Johnson
1 Centre for Academic Primary Care, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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  • ORCID record for Rachel Johnson
Anastasiia G Kovalenko
1 Centre for Academic Primary Care, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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  • For correspondence: a.g.kovalenko{at}bristol.ac.uk
Thomas Blakeman
2 Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Maria Panagioti
2 Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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  • ORCID record for Maria Panagioti
Michael Lawton
1 Centre for Academic Primary Care, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Shoba Dawson
1 Centre for Academic Primary Care, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Polly Duncan
1 Centre for Academic Primary Care, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Simon DS Fraser
3 School of Primary Care, Population Science and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Jose M Valderas
4 Centre for Research in Health Systems Performance (CRiHSP) and Division of Family Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore
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Simon Chilcott
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Rebecca Goulding
2 Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Chris Salisbury
1 Centre for Academic Primary Care, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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    Figure 1. Study flowchart. SMS = short message service

Tables

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    Table 1. Power for total sample size of 1000, baseline risk of high burden 20% and risk of high burden 30% in group with characteristic of interest
    Prevalence of patient characteristic of interesta
    Power0.20.250.30.350.40.450.5
    84.4%89.2%92.1%93.8%94.9%95.4%95.6%
    • aFor example, patient living in a deprived area.

    • View popup
    Table 2. Survey measures
    ConceptMeasureDescription
    Sociodemographic dataAge, sex, ethnic group, and employment statusParticipants are asked to describe:
    • age

    • sex

    • ethnic group (selecting from the list provided here: https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/style-guide/ethnic-groups)

    • employment status

    Health statusa. PROMIS-1026,27b. Self-reported long-term conditionsa. A validated 10-item person-centred measure of health and functioning for people with long-term conditions. The questions are a better fit for the study's purposes than those included in, for example, the SF-12.b. One question asks the participant to list the conditions they believe they have, which have lasted or will last longer than 6 months.
    Treatment burdena. The Multimorbidity Treatment Burden Questionnaire (MTBQ)7b. Novel short treatment burden questionnaire (STBQ)a. The MTBQ is a concise, simply worded set of questions to measure treatment burden in people with MLTC-M. In this study, the 13-item questionnaire will be used.b. Building on previous work to develop a single-question screening measure for treatment burden,18 the STBQ has been developed with PPI input. It includes two questions: one to screen for high treatment burden, and one to understand what they find difficult from a range of options. The STBQ has been developed for use in clinical practice, rather than as a research tool. It may be revised in response to feedback from initial qualitative interviews.
    Primary care experiencePCPCM28 The PCPCM focuses on the patient’s access to care, relationship with the doctor or practice, and ability to reach health outcome goals. It comprises 11 items that form an evaluation of access, continuity, comprehensiveness, coordination, advocacy, family and community context, and goal-oriented care.
    Health literacySILS29 A validated single-item screening instrument, designed to identify patients with limited reading ability who need help reading health-related materials.
    Healthcare useHealthcare use30 Five questions will be included, adapted from Salisbury and colleagues,30 asking whether participants have recently stayed at an NHS hospital, visited A&E, and taken time off work to attend hospital and GP appointments.
    OtherThe survey may additionally include a small number of questions from other validated questionnaires if it is apparent from stakeholder work or initial qualitative work that any issues create treatment burden for patients which are not already included in the other data sources proposed.
    • A&E = accident and emergency department. MLTC-M= multiple long-term conditions (multimorbidity). MTBQ = Multimorbidity Treatment Burden Questionnaire. PCPCM = Person-Centered Primary Care Measure. PROMIS-10 = Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System. SF-12 = 12-Item Short Form Health Survey. SILS = Single Item Literacy Screener. STBQ = short treatment burden questionnaire.

Supplementary Data

  • RJ_10.3399BJGPO.2023.0097_supp.pdf -

    Supplementary material is not copyedited or typeset, and is published as supplied by the author(s). The author(s) retain(s) responsibility for its accuracy.

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Treatment burden in multiple long-term conditions: a mixed-methods study protocol
Rachel Johnson, Anastasiia G Kovalenko, Thomas Blakeman, Maria Panagioti, Michael Lawton, Shoba Dawson, Polly Duncan, Simon DS Fraser, Jose M Valderas, Simon Chilcott, Rebecca Goulding, Chris Salisbury
BJGP Open 2023; 7 (4): BJGPO.2023.0097. DOI: 10.3399/BJGPO.2023.0097

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Treatment burden in multiple long-term conditions: a mixed-methods study protocol
Rachel Johnson, Anastasiia G Kovalenko, Thomas Blakeman, Maria Panagioti, Michael Lawton, Shoba Dawson, Polly Duncan, Simon DS Fraser, Jose M Valderas, Simon Chilcott, Rebecca Goulding, Chris Salisbury
BJGP Open 2023; 7 (4): BJGPO.2023.0097. DOI: 10.3399/BJGPO.2023.0097
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Keywords

  • Multimorbidity
  • primary health care
  • young adult
  • primary healthcare
  • general practice

More in this TOC Section

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  • Point-of-care ultrasound for undifferentiated and musculoskeletal presentations in UK primary care: a scoping review protocol
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