Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1. Patient feedback on their agreement with the statement: ‘I know enough about urinary tract infections.' Male patients agreed significantly less with the patient confidence question on the theme of ‘knowledge’ than female patients of any age (P = 0.002, Kruskal–Wallis test; total n = 504)
- Figure 2. Patient feedback on how long they had to wait for an appointment for their UTI. Male patients indicated that they waited longer for an appointment than female patients of any age (P = 0.027, Χ2 test; total n = 504)
Tables
Item Male (n = 81), yes (% total) Female <65 years (n = 221), yes (% total) Female >65 years (n = 202), yes (% total) P-value (Χ2) Increase in fluid intake 43 (53) 172 (78) 144 (71) <0.001 Use of over-the-counter cystitis remedies 6 (7) 89 (40) 56 (28) <0.001 Use of analgesia 29 (36) 111 (50) 82 (41) 0.036 Use of cranberry products 16 (20) 95 (43) 68 (34) 0.001 Sought advice from a pharmacist 5 (6) 28 (13) 17 (8) 0.160 - Table 2. Comparison of patient recall and clinician-recorded incidence of different symptoms associated with UTI
Symptom Patient recorded as symptom present? Recorded in medical records (N = 504), n (%) Symptom not recorded (as either present or absent) Symptom confirmed absent Symptom confirmed present Dysuria No 47 (9) 18 (4) 62 (12) Yes 106 (21) 7 (1) 264 (52) New nocturia No 223 (44) 3 (0.6) 26 (5) Yes 200 (40) 1 (0.2) 51 (10)a Cloudy urine No 257 (51) 7 (1) 24 (5) Yes 153 (30) 4 (1) 57 (11)a Frequency No 53 (11) 3 (0.6) 69 (14) Yes 147 (29) 2 (0.4) 230 (46)a aInstances where both patient and clinician noted presence of the symptom
- Table 3. Clinical audit against TARGET UTI audit toolkit and NICE antibiotic (for UTI) guidelines
Item Male (N = 81), yes, n (%) Female <65 years (N = 221), yes, n (%) Female >65 years (N = 202), yes, n (%) P-value (Χ2) Genitourinary causes adequately assesseda 6 (7) 24 (11) 16 (8) 0.490 Pyelonephritis adequately assesseda 23 (28) 46 (21) 43 (21) <0.001 Sepsis adequately assessedb 33 (41) 68 (31) 60 (30) <0.001 Correct UTI diagnosis otherwise madea 48 (59) 89 (40) 135 (69) <0.001 Correct urine dipstick analysisa 45 (56) 102 (46) 146 (72) <0.001 Correct MSU microbiological culture managementa 55 (68) 150 (68) 107 (53) 0.003 Antibiotics prescribedb 80 (99), of which n = 2 delayed 218 (99), of which n = 3 delayed 197 (98%), of which n = 8delayed 0.430 aIn accordance with TARGET UTI audit guidance. bIn accordance with NICE UTI antibiotic guidelines.
MSU = mid-stream urine. NICE = National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. TARGET = Treat Antibiotics Responsibly, Guidance, Education and Tools. UTI = urinary tract infection.
- Table 4. Binary logistic regression analysis to determine if variables are associated with correct assessment for UTI by clinical staff
Variable P-value Odds ratio 95% CI Interpretation Staff role (GP versus nurse or AHP) <0.001 0.46 0.30 to 0.71 GP consultation less often associated with correct UTI assessment Setting (GP OOH or hospital versus GP in-hours) 0.130 2.15 0.79 to 5.85 NSA Male patients <0.001 Correct assessment of UTI more common in males and females aged ≥65 years compared with females aged <65 years Female patients aged <65 years 0.550 0.84 0.47 to 1.49 Female patients aged ≥65 years <0.001 0.37 0.24 to 0.58 Consultation mode: text 0.018 Text message consultations more often associated with correct UTI assessment Consultation mode: telephone 0.037 2.70 1.06 to 6.89 Consultation mode: face to face 0.270 0.78 0.50 to 1.21 Correct urine dipstick application <0.001 0.27 0.18 to 0.41 Correct application of urine dipstick significantly linked to correct UTI assessment Correct MSU microbiological culture management 0.150 1.35 0.90 to 2.03 NSA Nagelkerke R 2 value for model 0.240 AHP = allied health professional. MSU = mid-stream urine. OOH = out of hours. NSA = no significant association. OOH = out of hours. UTI = urinary tract infection
Supplementary Data
- SJF_10.3399BJGPO.2022.0191_supp.pdf -
Supplementary material is not copyedited or typeset, and is published as supplied by the author(s). The author(s) retain(s) responsibility for its accuracy.
In this issue
Management of urinary tract infections in the community: a clinical audit and patient survey
LinkedIn
Jump to section
Keywords
More in this TOC Section
Related Articles
Cited By...
Intended for Healthcare Professionals
