Skip to main content

Main menu

  • HOME
  • LATEST ARTICLES
  • ALL ISSUES
  • AUTHORS & REVIEWERS
  • RESOURCES
    • About BJGP Open
    • BJGP Open Accessibility Statement
    • Editorial Board
    • Editorial Fellowships
    • Audio Abstracts
    • eLetters
    • Alerts
    • BJGP Life
    • Research into Publication Science
    • Advertising
    • Contact
  • SPECIAL ISSUES
    • Artificial Intelligence in Primary Care: call for articles
    • Social Care Integration with Primary Care: call for articles
    • Special issue: Telehealth
    • Special issue: Race and Racism in Primary Care
    • Special issue: COVID-19 and Primary Care
    • Past research calls
    • Top 10 Research Articles of the Year
  • BJGP CONFERENCE →
  • RCGP
    • British Journal of General Practice
    • BJGP for RCGP members
    • RCGP eLearning
    • InnovAIT Journal
    • Jobs and careers

User menu

  • Alerts

Search

  • Advanced search
Intended for Healthcare Professionals
BJGP Open
  • RCGP
    • British Journal of General Practice
    • BJGP for RCGP members
    • RCGP eLearning
    • InnovAIT Journal
    • Jobs and careers
  • Subscriptions
  • Alerts
  • Log in
  • Follow BJGP Open on Instagram
  • Visit bjgp open on Bluesky
  • Blog
Intended for Healthcare Professionals
BJGP Open

Advanced Search

  • HOME
  • LATEST ARTICLES
  • ALL ISSUES
  • AUTHORS & REVIEWERS
  • RESOURCES
    • About BJGP Open
    • BJGP Open Accessibility Statement
    • Editorial Board
    • Editorial Fellowships
    • Audio Abstracts
    • eLetters
    • Alerts
    • BJGP Life
    • Research into Publication Science
    • Advertising
    • Contact
  • SPECIAL ISSUES
    • Artificial Intelligence in Primary Care: call for articles
    • Social Care Integration with Primary Care: call for articles
    • Special issue: Telehealth
    • Special issue: Race and Racism in Primary Care
    • Special issue: COVID-19 and Primary Care
    • Past research calls
    • Top 10 Research Articles of the Year
  • BJGP CONFERENCE →
Research

Emoqol-100: Development and validation of a single question for low mood in primary care. A retrospective audit.

Nina Edel Dahle, Carolyn Matthew, Rachel Petronella Roskvist, Fiona Moir and Bruce Arroll
BJGP Open 2023; 7 (3): BJGPO.2023.0011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3399/BJGPO.2023.0011
Nina Edel Dahle
1 Centre for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Falun, Sweden
2 Primary Health Care Center Britsarvet-Grycksbo, County of Dalarna, Falun, Sweden
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Nina Edel Dahle
Carolyn Matthew
3 Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Rachel Petronella Roskvist
3 Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Fiona Moir
3 Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Bruce Arroll
3 Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: bruce.arroll{at}auckland.ac.nz
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Info
  • eLetters
  • PDF
Loading

Article Figures & Data

Figures

  • Tables
  • Figure 1.
    • Download figure
    • Open in new tab
    • Download powerpoint
    Figure 1. Flow diagram for records of reference standard PHQ-9 and Emoqol-100 score (n = 426 visits)
  • Figure 2.
    • Download figure
    • Open in new tab
    • Download powerpoint
    Figure 2. Flow diagram for records of reference standard Burns Depression Scale Today (BDST) and Emoqol-100 score (n = 513 visits)
  • Figure 3.
    • Download figure
    • Open in new tab
    • Download powerpoint
    Figure 3. Emoqol (continuous) as predictor of Burns Depression Scale Today (BDST) ≥6. (area under curve 0.8192 [95% confidence interval = 0.78078 to 0.85762]).

Tables

  • Figures
    • View popup
    Table 1. Baseline measures (n = 160 patients), Burns Depression Scale Today (n = 523), PHQ-9 questionnaires (n = 434)
    Age, median (SD)35 years (±15.9)
    GenderFemale: 100 (62%)Male: 60 (38%)
    Ethnic groupEuropean: 79 (49%)Māori: 38 (24%)Indian: 13 (8%)Samoan: 8 (5%)Other: 22 (14%)a
    BDSTRange (20–0)Median: 8
    PHQ-9Range: (27–0)Median: 13
    Emoqol scoreRange: (0–100)Median: 55
    • aAsian, Chinese, Cook Island Māori, Latin American, Middle East, Fijian, Tongan, Niuean.

    • BDST = Burns Depression Scale Today. PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item.

    • View popup
    Table 2. Validation assessment of Emoqol-100 with reference standard PHQ-9
    Emoqol-100
    RangeLikelihood ratio positivePositive predictive valuea
    0–2010.196%
    21–402.987%
    41–601.374.5%
    61–800.447.4%
    81–1000.215%
    • aAlso known as the post-test likelihood of a positive test. Likelihood ratio positive = sensitivity/(1-specificity) (these scores are >1.0). Likelihood ratio negative = 1-sensitivity/(specificity) (these scores are <1.0). PHQ-9 = 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire.

    • View popup
    Table 3. Derivation assessment of Emoqol-100 with reference standard Burns Depression Scale Today (BDST)
    Emoqol-100
    RangeLikelihood ratio positivePositive predictive value
    0–2025.298%
    21–403.688%
    41–601.778%
    61–800.3541%
    81–1000.0915%
    • View popup
    Table 4. Emoqol-100 versus PHQ-9 and BDST
    Emoqol 0–100 rangePHQ-9 median range 0–27BDST median range 0–20
    0–201715
    21–401611
    41–60156
    61–8094
    81–10061

Supplementary Data

  • BA_BJGPO.2023.0011_supp.pdf -

    Supplementary material is not copyedited or typeset, and is published as supplied by the author(s). The author(s) retain(s) responsibility for its accuracy.

Back to top
Previous ArticleNext Article

In this issue

BJGP Open
Vol. 7, Issue 3
September 2023
  • Table of Contents
  • Index by author
Download PDF
Download PowerPoint
Email Article

Thank you for recommending BJGP Open.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person to whom you are recommending the page knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Emoqol-100: Development and validation of a single question for low mood in primary care. A retrospective audit.
(Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from BJGP Open
(Your Name) thought you would like to see this page from BJGP Open.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Citation Tools
Emoqol-100: Development and validation of a single question for low mood in primary care. A retrospective audit.
Nina Edel Dahle, Carolyn Matthew, Rachel Petronella Roskvist, Fiona Moir, Bruce Arroll
BJGP Open 2023; 7 (3): BJGPO.2023.0011. DOI: 10.3399/BJGPO.2023.0011

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Share
Emoqol-100: Development and validation of a single question for low mood in primary care. A retrospective audit.
Nina Edel Dahle, Carolyn Matthew, Rachel Petronella Roskvist, Fiona Moir, Bruce Arroll
BJGP Open 2023; 7 (3): BJGPO.2023.0011. DOI: 10.3399/BJGPO.2023.0011
del.icio.us logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo Bluesky logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One
  • Mendeley logo Mendeley

Jump to section

  • Top
  • Article
    • Abstract
    • How this fits in
    • Introduction
    • Method
    • Results
    • Discussion
    • Notes
    • References
  • Figures & Data
  • Info
  • eLetters
  • PDF

Keywords

  • depressive disorder
  • Primary Health Care
  • audit
  • diagnostic tests, routine
  • general practitioners

More in this TOC Section

  • General practitioners’ views about opioid management and tapering before hip or knee replacement surgery: a qualitative study
  • Rising scabies incidence and the growing burden on GPs: a retrospective longitudinal study
  • Patient characteristics associated with clinically coded long COVID: an OpenSAFELY study using electronic health records
Show more Research

Related Articles

Cited By...

Intended for Healthcare Professionals

 
 

British Journal of General Practice

NAVIGATE

  • Home
  • Latest articles
  • Authors & reviewers
  • Accessibility statement

RCGP

  • British Journal of General Practice
  • BJGP for RCGP members
  • RCGP eLearning
  • InnovAiT Journal
  • Jobs and careers

MY ACCOUNT

  • RCGP members' login
  • Terms and conditions

NEWS AND UPDATES

  • About BJGP Open
  • Alerts
  • RSS feeds
  • Facebook
  • Twitter

AUTHORS & REVIEWERS

  • Submit an article
  • Writing for BJGP Open: research
  • Writing for BJGP Open: practice & policy
  • BJGP Open editorial process & policies
  • BJGP Open ethical guidelines
  • Peer review for BJGP Open

CUSTOMER SERVICES

  • Advertising
  • Open access licence

CONTRIBUTE

  • BJGP Life
  • eLetters
  • Feedback

CONTACT US

BJGP Open Journal Office
RCGP
30 Euston Square
London NW1 2FB
Tel: +44 (0)20 3188 7400
Email: bjgpopen@rcgp.org.uk

BJGP Open is an editorially-independent publication of the Royal College of General Practitioners

© 2025 BJGP Open

Online ISSN: 2398-3795