Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1. Country variation in point-of-care and laboratory or hospital-based diagnostic testing, and in medication prescribing for respiratory tract infection in primary care. AB = antibiotic. AH = antihistamine. AM = Armenia. AV = antiviral. BE = Belgium. DE = Germany. DK = Denmark. ES = Spain. FR = France. GE = Georgia. GR = Greece. HR = Croatia. HU = Hungary. IE = Ireland. INH = inhaled medication. LAB = laboratory or hospital-based. MD = Moldova. NL = the Netherlands. NO = Norway. O = other prescribed medication. PL = Poland. POC = point of care. UA = Ukraine. UK = United Kingdom.
- Figure 2. Percentages of consultations by level of confidence in the antibiotic prescribing decision; A) split by suspected viral, bacterial, and unclear aetiology; and B) split by testing group. AB = antibiotic prescribed. –AB = no antibiotic prescribed. POC = point-of-care. LAB = laboratory or hospital-based. POC+LAB = point-of-care plus laboratory or hospital-based.
Tables
Category All (strep A and CRP) Lower RTI (CRP) Sore throat (strep A) Adj OR 95% CI Adj OR 95% CI Adj OR 95% CI Use of POC test(s) 1.3 0.9 to 1.8 0.7 0.4 to 1.1 2.4 1.3 to 4.3 Moderate illness severity 7.4 6.2 to 8.9 5.3 3.8 to 7.3 9.5 6.9 to 13.0 Severe illness 8.0 5.4 to 12.0 4.1 2.3 to 7.2 3.6 1.2 to 11.0 Age, year 1.02 1.01 to 1.02 1.02 1.02 to 1.03 1.01 1.00 to 1.02 Comorbidity 1.3 1.1 to 1.5 1.1 0.8 to 1.5 1.0 0.6 to 1.4 Fever 1.6 1.3 to 1.9 2.9 2.1 to 4.0 2.0 1.5 to 2.8 Duration (day) 1.03 1.02 to 1.04 1.03 1.00 to 1.05 1.05 1.00 to 1.10 Country OR for 17 countries shown in Supplementary Table S3 Multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression for the dependent variable antibiotic prescribing controlling for country, use of group A streptococcal (strep A) and/or C-reactive protein (CRP) point-of-care (POC) testing for all patients, CRP testing for patients with lower respiratory tract infection, and strep A testing for patients with sore throat, illness severity, age, comorbidity, fever, and illness duration. Practice was included as random effect. Reference categories are Belgium (lowest antibiotic prescribing proportion) for country; ‘no’ for POC testing, comorbidity, and fever; ‘mild’ for severity; and for age and duration an increase of one unit is considered. Bold indicates significance. OR = odds ratio. RTI = respiratory tract infection.
Supplementary Data
- BJGPO.2021.0212_Supp.pdf -
Supplementary material is not copyedited or typeset, and is published as supplied by the author(s). The author(s) retain(s) responsibility for its accuracy.
In this issue
Jump to section
Keywords
More in this TOC Section
Related Articles
Cited By...
