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Research

Long-term conditions among sexual minority adults in England: evidence from a cross-sectional analysis of responses to the English GP Patient Survey

Catherine L Saunders, Sarah MacCarthy, Catherine Meads, Efthalia Massou, Jonathan Mant, Alison M Saunders and Marc N Elliott
BJGP Open 2021; 5 (5): BJGPO.2021.0067. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3399/BJGPO.2021.0067
Catherine L Saunders
1 Senior Research Associate, Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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  • ORCID record for Catherine L Saunders
Sarah MacCarthy
2 Policy Researcher, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, US
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Catherine Meads
3 Professor of Health, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
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Efthalia Massou
4 Research Associate, Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Jonathan Mant
5 Professor of Primary Care Research, Head of Primary Care Unit, Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Alison M Saunders
6 Patient and Public Involvement Representative, Watford, UK
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Marc N Elliott
7 Senior Principal Researcher, Distinguished Chair in Statistics, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, US
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  • For correspondence: elliott@rand.org
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    Figure 1. Odds ratios for long-term conditions by sexual orientation (sexual minority and heterosexual) and adjusted for deprivation, ethnic group, region, and age (N = 1 341 339; n = 741 438 women, n = 599 901 men)
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    Figure 2. Association between sexual orientation and long-term conditions, stratified by age (n = 741 438 women only)
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    Figure 3. Association between sexual orientation and long-term conditions, stratified by age (n = 599 901 men only)
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    Figure 4. Weighted percentage of sexual minority and heterosexual women and men with multimorbidity,a stratified by age (N = 661 567; n = 365 029 women, n = 296 538 men). aAt least two of the following 15 conditions: mental health; neurological; dementia; back; epilepsy; vision; kidney or liver; hearing; asthma; diabetes; joints; heart; hypertension; cancer; and all other conditions.

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    Table 1. Long-term condition prevalence: number with condition (weighted %)
    WomenMen
     Condition Heterosexual responders Sexual minority respondersa Heterosexual responders Sexual minority respondersa
    Mental health35 853 (5.1)2248 (15.2)23 213 (4.0)2004 (11.0)
    Neurological16 484 (2.3)507 (3.3)13 625 (2.4)576 (3.0)
    Dementia5452 (0.8)106 (0.7)4569 (0.8)113 (0.6)
    Back82 369 (11.2)1943 (12.2)63 104 (10.6)1894 (10.3)
    Epilepsy6646 (0.9)207 (1.2)6353 (1.1)282 (1.5)
    Vision7948 (1.1)157 (1.0)6465 (1.1)182 (1.0)
    Kidney or liver13 312 (1.9)304 (1.9)14 011 (2.5)521 (3.0)
    Hearing30 796 (4.3)507 (3.2)35 636 (6.1)698 (3.8)
    Asthma85 271 (11.8)2098 (13.9)60 578 (10.5)2029 (10.9)
    Diabetes54 220 (7.5)1128 (7.2)71 833 (12.3)1907 (10.6)
    Joints139 482 (19.0)2172 (14.2)81 760 (13.8)1820 (9.8)
    Heart32 891 (4.5)463 (3.0)51 728 (8.8)1004 (5.5)
    Hypertension163 269 (22.3)2245 (14.6)157 953 (27.1)3775 (20.5)
    Cancer28 981 (4.0)377 (2.5)30 645 (5.4)651 (3.6)
    All other conditions106 460 (14.7)2518 (16.9)77 535 (13.3)3493 (19.0)
    • Full question wording: ‘Which, if any, of the following medical conditions do you have? Please tick all the boxes that apply to you: ”Alzheimer’s disease or dementia“, ”Angina or long-term heart problem“, ”Arthritis or long-term joint problem“, ”Asthma or long-term chest problem“, ”Blindness or severe visual impairment“, “Cancer in the last 5 years“, ”Deafness or severe hearing impairment“, ”Diabetes“, ”Epilepsy“, ”High blood pressure“, ”Kidney or liver disease“, ”Long-term back problem“, ”Long-term mental health problem“, ”Long-term neurological problem“, ”Another long-term condition“, ”None of these conditions“, and ”I would prefer not to say”.’

    • Counts are the numbers included with each long-term condition from 2015–2016 and 2017 (N = 1 341 339; n = 741 438 women, n = 599 901 men); percentages calculated based on 2017 data only (N = 661 567; n = 365 029 women, n = 296 538 men) as the cross-sectional survey weights cannot be combined across years. Further details are presented in Supplementary Table S1. Please note percentages weighted to the population of England were calculated and they cannot be derived exactly from numbers presented in the tables.

    • ↵a Gay, lesbian, bisexual, or other.

Supplementary Data

  • BJGPO.2021.0067_Supp.pdf -

    Supplementary material is not copyedited or typeset, and is published as supplied by the author(s). The author(s) retain(s) responsibility for its accuracy.

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Long-term conditions among sexual minority adults in England: evidence from a cross-sectional analysis of responses to the English GP Patient Survey
Catherine L Saunders, Sarah MacCarthy, Catherine Meads, Efthalia Massou, Jonathan Mant, Alison M Saunders, Marc N Elliott
BJGP Open 2021; 5 (5): BJGPO.2021.0067. DOI: 10.3399/BJGPO.2021.0067

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Long-term conditions among sexual minority adults in England: evidence from a cross-sectional analysis of responses to the English GP Patient Survey
Catherine L Saunders, Sarah MacCarthy, Catherine Meads, Efthalia Massou, Jonathan Mant, Alison M Saunders, Marc N Elliott
BJGP Open 2021; 5 (5): BJGPO.2021.0067. DOI: 10.3399/BJGPO.2021.0067
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Keywords

  • sexual and gender minorities
  • primary health care
  • long-term conditions
  • health status disparities

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