Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1. Cost of care by household multimorbidity status. B & D = Barking and Dagenham. CPRD = Clinical Practice Research Datalink. ED = emergency department. MLTCs = multiple long-term conditions.
Tables
- Table 1. Barking and Dagenham and Clinical Practice Research Datalink sample characteristics
MLTCs/healthy co-resident Both MLTCs Healthy/MLTCs co-resident Both healthy All participants n row % n row % n row % n row % n col % B & D sample 2049 22.2 1884 20.4 3240 35.1 2049 22.2 9222 100.0 Age , years 50–59 337 14.4 205 8.8 1240 53.1 554 23.7 2336 25.3 60–69 620 20.9 566 19.1 1124 37.9 655 22.1 2965 32.2 70–79 644 26.0 663 26.8 595 24.0 575 23.2 2477 26.9 ≥80 448 31.0 450 31.2 281 19.5 265 18.4 1444 16.7 Sex Male 1044 22.7 928 20.1 1640 35.6 997 21.6 4609 50.0 Female 1005 21.8 956 20.7 1600 34.7 1052 22.8 4613 50.0 IMD quintile 1 (least deprived) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 192 21.7 163 18.4 339 38.3 192 21.7 886 9.6 4 768 22.5 617 18.1 1263 37.0 770 22.5 3418 37.1 5 (most deprived) 1089 22.1 1104 22.4 1638 33.3 1087 22.1 4918 53.3 Carer code Present 134 31.2 158 36.8 81 18.9 56 13.1 429 4.7 Not present 1915 21.8 1726 19.6 3159 35.9 1993 22.7 8793 95.3 CPRD sample 2107 20.0 2940 27.9 3374 32.0 2107 20.0 10 528 100.0 Age , years 50–59 530 15.8 372 11.1 1770 52.7 687 20.5 3359 31.9 60–69 791 21.4 915 24.7 1179 31.8 817 22.1 3702 35.2 70–79 568 22.7 1081 43.3 377 15.1 471 18.9 2497 23.7 ≥80 218 22.5 572 59.0 48 4.9 132 13.6 970 9.2 Sex Male 1171 22.3 1464 27.8 1697 32.3 928 17.6 5260 50.0 Female 936 17.8 1476 28.0 1677 31.8 1179 22.4 5268 50.0 IMD quintile 1 (least deprived) 728 20.0 871 24.0 1306 35.9 729 20.1 3634 34.5 2 491 19.8 674 27.1 825 33.2 496 20.0 2586 24.6 3 426 20.2 598 28.3 662 31.4 425 20.1 2111 20.1 4 302 19.9 510 33.6 410 27.0 296 19.5 1518 14.4 5 (most deprived) 160 20.5 287 36.8 171 22.0 161 20.7 779 7.4 Carer code Present 48 12.4 197 52.7 48 12.4 81 21.7 374 3.6 Not present 2059 20.3 2743 27.0 3326 32.8 2026 20.0 10154 96.4 B & D = Barking and Dagenham. CPRD = Clinical Practice Research Datalink. IMD = Index of Multiple Deprivation. MLTCs = multiple long-term conditions.
- Table 2. Two-part models for health and social care activity: Barking and Dagenham sample of n = 9222 people aged ≥50 years in two-person households
OR for any activity 95% LL 95%UL Exp gamma coefficient (in the subset with any activity) 95% LL 95% UL Adjusted means across both parts 95% LL 95% UL Number of primary care visits MLTCs/healthy Reference Reference 7.9 7.7 8.2 Both MLTCs 0.44 0.17 1.11 1.08 1.03 1.12 8.5 8.2 8.8 Both healthy 0.12 0.06 0.27 0.62 0.60 0.65 4.8 4.7 4.9 Healthy/MLTCs 0.13 0.06 0.30 0.66 0.64 0.69 5.1 5.0 5.3 Primary care costs MLTCs/healthy Reference Reference £198 £192 £205 Both MLTCs 0.44 0.17 1.11 1.08 1.03 1.13 £213 £205 £220 Both healthy 0.12 0.06 0.27 0.64 0.62 0.67 £124 £121 £128 Healthy/MLTCs 0.13 0.06 0.30 0.69 0.66 0.72 £134 £130 £138 Outpatient costs MLTCs/healthy Reference Reference £312 £294 £330 Both MLTCs 1.03 0.89 1.19 0.93 0.86 1.00 £293 £275 £311 Both healthy 0.50 0.44 0.56 0.71 0.66 0.76 £172 £162 £182 Healthy/MLTCs 0.51 0.45 0.58 0.73 0.68 0.79 £181 £168 £193 Cost of non-elective admissions MLTCs/healthy Reference Reference £609 £532 £686 Both MLTCs 1.01 0.87 1.17 0.99 0.85 1.14 £606 £527 £684 Both healthy 0.45 0.39 0.53 0.76 0.64 0.90 £247 £205 £288 Healthy/MLTCs 0.42 0.35 0.50 0.63 0.53 0.76 £192 £154 £230 Cost of elective admissions MLTCs/healthy Reference Reference £443 £396 £491 Both MLTCs 1.05 0.92 1.20 1.00 0.88 1.14 £459 £409 £509 Both healthy 0.57 0.51 0.65 0.91 0.80 1.03 £273 £244 £303 Healthy/MLTCs 0.64 0.56 0.73 0.86 0.75 0.98 £281 £245 £316 ED costs MLTCs/healthy Reference Reference £84 £76 £92 Both MLTCs 1.08 0.95 1.23 1.04 0.93 1.16 £91 £82 £99 Both healthy 0.53 0.47 0.60 0.76 0.67 0.85 £43 £38 £47 Healthy/MLTCs 0.52 0.45 0.59 0.78 0.68 0.88 £43 £38 £48 Total hospital costs (outpatient + admissions + ED ) MLTCs/healthy Reference Reference £1454 £1338 £1570 Both MLTCs 1.06 0.91 1.24 0.99 0.89 1.11 £1458 £1338 £1578 Both healthy 0.49 0.43 0.56 0.62 0.56 0.69 £743 £685 £800 Healthy/MLTCs 0.47 0.41 0.54 0.59 0.53 0.67 £701 £636 £766 Number of days in hospital MLTCs/healthy Reference Reference 1.58 1.33 1.83 Both MLTCs 0.97 0.84 1.12 0.98 0.80 1.20 1.53 1.28 1.77 Both healthy 0.43 0.37 0.50 0.80 0.63 1.00 0.65 0.51 0.78 Healthy/MLTCs 0.42 0.35 0.50 0.67 0.52 0.87 0.54 0.41 0.67 Community care costs MLTCs/healthy Reference Reference £428 £358 £498 Both MLTCs 1.14 1.00 1.30 1.20 0.97 1.49 £559 £468 £650 Both healthy 0.37 0.32 0.43 0.69 0.54 0.89 £141 £111 £171 Healthy/MLTCs 0.36 0.31 0.42 0.51 0.39 0.68 £103 £77 £128 Mental health costs MLTCs/healthy Reference Reference £318 £155 £482 Both MLTCs 1.24 0.99 1.54 1.41 0.73 2.71 £543 £281 £795 Both healthy 0.37 0.28 0.50 1.01 0.43 2.40 £127 £31 £224 Healthy/MLTCs 0.40 0.30 0.54 0.76 0.30 1.92 £103 £19 £186 Social care costs MLTCs/healthy Reference Reference £439 £320 £559 Both MLTCs 1.24 0.96 1.59 0.86 0.66 1.13 £461 £347 £575 Both healthy 0.29 0.20 0.43 0.58 0.38 0.88 £80 £42 £118 Healthy/MLTCs 0.27 0.18 0.41 0.51 0.32 0.81 £64 £28 £99 ED = emergency department. Exp = exponentiated. LL= lower limit. MLTCs = multiple long-term conditions. OR = odds ratio. UL = upper limit.
- Table 3. Two-part models for healthcare activity: Clinical Practice Research Datalink sample of n = 10 528 people aged ≥50 years in two-person households
OR for any activity 95 %LL 95 %UL Exp gamma coefficient (in the subset with any activity) 95 %LL 95 %UL Adjusted means across both parts 95 %LL 95 %UL Number of primary care visits MLTCs/healthy Reference Reference 9.6 9.2 9.9 Both MLTCs 1.31 0.67 2.56 1.09 1.03 1.15 10.5 10.1 10.8 Both healthy 0.09 0.06 0.14 0.49 0.47 0.52 4.3 4.2 4.5 Healthy/MLTCs 0.12 0.08 0.19 0.56 0.53 0.59 5.0 4.8 5.2 Primary care costs MLTCs/healthy Reference Reference £247 £237 £258 Both MLTCs 1.31 0.67 2.56 1.13 1.07 1.19 £280 £269 £290 Both healthy 0.09 0.06 0.14 0.52 0.49 0.55 £117 £112 £123 Healthy/MLTCs 0.12 0.08 0.19 0.55 0.52 0.59 £128 £122 £134 Outpatient costs MLTCs/healthy Reference Reference £483 £443 £523 Both MLTCs 1.09 0.95 1.25 1.01 0.92 1.11 £498 £468 £528 Both healthy 0.35 0.31 0.39 0.69 0.60 0.79 £222 £194 £250 Healthy/MLTCs 0.41 0.37 0.47 0.68 0.58 0.79 £239 £207 £271 Cost of non-elective admissions MLTCs/healthy Reference Reference £294 £244 £345 Both MLTCs 1.19 1.02 1.39 1.04 0.87 1.24 £351 £302 £401 Both healthy 0.40 0.33 0.49 0.84 0.66 1.08 £111 £84 £139 Healthy/MLTCs 0.47 0.38 0.57 0.85 0.68 1.05 £128 £99 £157 Cost of elective admissions MLTCs/healthy Reference Reference £599 £525 £673 Both MLTCs 1.16 1.03 1.31 0.89 0.79 0.99 £587 £528 £645 Both healthy 0.50 0.43 0.57 0.72 0.63 0.82 £255 £218 £292 Healthy/MLTCs 0.54 0.47 0.62 0.70 0.62 0.79 £266 £224 £307 ED costs MLTCs/healthy Reference Reference £69 £62 £76 Both MLTCs 1.11 0.98 1.26 1.11 0.99 1.25 £82 £74 £89 Both healthy 0.53 0.47 0.61 0.76 0.67 0.87 £33 £29 £37 Healthy/MLTCs 0.56 0.49 0.64 0.73 0.65 0.81 £33 £29 £36 Total hospital costs (outpatient + admissions + ED ) MLTCs/healthy Reference Reference £1445 £1314 £1576 Both MLTCs 1.10 0.94 1.29 1.03 0.93 1.15 £1525 £1418 £1630 Both healthy 0.33 0.29 0.38 0.62 0.54 0.71 £631 £558 £703 Healthy/MLTCs 0.38 0.34 0.44 0.45 0.39 0.52 £664 £589 £739 Number of days in hospital MLTCs/healthy Reference Reference 0.91 0.72 1.11 Both MLTCs 1.08 0.94 1.24 0.89 0.70 1.12 0.86 0.73 0.99 Both healthy 0.36 0.30 0.43 0.83 0.61 1.12 0.31 0.23 0.40 Healthy/MLTCs 0.42 0.35 0.51 0.66 0.50 0.86 0.29 0.22 0.36 ED = emergency department. Exp = exponentiated. LL = lower limit. MLTC = multiple long-term conditions. OR = odds ratio. UL = upper limit.
Supplementary Data
- BJGPO-2020-0134.R1.pdf -
Supplementary material is not copyedited or typeset, and is published as supplied by the author(s). The author(s) retain(s) responsibility for its accuracy.
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Multiple long-term conditions within households and use of health and social care: a retrospective cohort study
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