Anatomical
| Narrow/stenotic external ear canalOsteoma/exotoses of external ear canalHair in external ear canal |
Physical barriers
| Hearing aidsEar plugsCotton bud use (pushes wax further into canal) |
Wax properties
| Hard wax producersDry wax (age-related: cerumen glands atrophy)Otitis externa |
Learning disability
| |
Dermatological conditions
| Eczema, psoriasis, seborrhoeic dermatitis |