Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1. Cumulative ACEs by missed appointment category.
ACE = adverse childhood experience.
- Figure 2. ACE domain by missed appointment category.
ACE = adverse childhood experience. Supplementary Table 4 contains the cross-tabulation tables from which Figure 2 was derived.
Tables
- Table 1. ACEs mapped to Read codes included in the study. All ACE questions were preceded by the statement ‘While you were growing up, before the age of 18 ...’
ACE Questionnaire domains Mapped Read codes 1. Sexual abuseHow often did anyone at least 5 years older than you (including adults) try to make you touch them sexually?How often did anyone at least 5 years older than you (including adults) force you to have any type of sexual intercourse (oral, anal, or vaginal)?How often did anyone at least 5 years older than you (including adults) ever touch you sexually? Once or more than once to any of the three questions 0AK3. Child prostituteZV4G4 [V]Problem related/alleged sex abuse13ZW. At risk of sexual abuse14 × 1. History of sexual abuse13WC. Incest14 × 6. Victim of sexual abuseZ411. Sexual abuse counselling 2. Physical abuseHow often did a parent or adult in your home ever hit, beat, kick or physically hurt you in any way? This does not include gentle smacking for punishment. Once or more than once 63CB. Risk of non-accidental injury13ZT. At risk of physical abuse14 × 0. History of physical abuse13W40 Child/parent violence14 × 5. Victim of physical abuseZ412. Physical abuse counselling 3. Verbal abuseHow often did a parent or adult in your home ever swear at you, insult you, or put you down?
More than once13ZR. At risk of emotional/psychological abuse14 × 2. History of emotional abuse14 × 7. Victim of emotional abuseZV4H2 [V]Hostility towards and scapegoating of child 4. Domestic violenceHow often did your parents or adults in your home ever slap, hit, kick, punch or beat each other up? Once or more than once 13HP6 Violence between parents13VF. At risk violence in the home14 × 3. History of domestic violence14 × 8. Victim of domestic violence14XD. History of domestic abuseZ415. Domestic abuse counselling 5. Parental separationWere your parents ever separated or divorced?
YesZU273 Deserted by fatherZU274 Deserted by mother13W90 Single parent family, mother present13W91 Single parent family, father present 6. Mental illnessDid you live with anyone who was depressed, mentally ill or suicidal?
YesNo codes available 7. Alcohol abuseDid you live with anyone who was a problem drinker or alcoholic?
Yes63 C7. Maternal alcohol abusea 8. Drug abuseDid you live with anyone who used illegal street drugs or who abused prescription medications?
Yes12 × 1. Both parents misuse drugs12 × 2. Paternal drug misuse63C6. Maternal drug abuse 9. IncarcerationDid you live with anyone who served time or was sentenced to serve time in a prison or young offender’s institution?
Yes13I7. Imprisonment of family member13Hg. On conditional probation ACE = adverse childhood experience.
aThere is no Read code for paternal alcohol abuse.
- Table 2. ACE questionnaire domains mapped onto Read codes; childhood consequences of ACEs; wider childhood adversity; and adult consequences of ACEs; frequency counts of Read codes recorded and the NLP process
ACE domain Frequency count of Read codes per patient (% sample) Bi/trigram retrieved then sense check edited Bi/trigrams retained after concordance check Conclusion Mapped onto ACE questionnaire Sexual abuse 1306 (0.19) 9/105 bigrams15/119 trigrams retained 1 trigram retained‘sexual abuse by’ Insufficient to proceed with generating dummy Read code Physical abuse 279 (0.04) 1/17 bigrams4/24 trigrams retained 0 retained Insufficient to proceed with generating dummy Read code Verbal abuse 76 (0.01) Insufficient data – NLP not possible Domestic violence 1017 (0.15) Insufficient data – NLP not possible Parental separation 16 (0.002) Insufficient data – NLP not possible Mental illness No Read Code linked to this domain – – NLP not possible Alcohol abuse 74 (0.01) 0/5 bigrams0/5 trigrams retained – NLP not possible Drug abuse 83 (0.01) 1/5 bigrams1/4 trigrams retained 1 trigram retained‘on methadone programme’ Insufficient to proceed with generating dummy Read code Incarceration 25 (0.003) Insufficient data – NLP not possible Childhood consequences of ACEs 11 819 (1.72) 224/998 bigrams412/998 trigrams retained Data accuracy poor as mixture of ACE exposures and consequences identified Codes insufficiently specific to the category of consequences of ACE to proceed Wider childhood adversity ‘Inadequate childhood experience’ 231 (0.03) 0/4 bigrams0/7 trigrams retained – NLP not possible Problems at school 621 (0.09) 1/137 bigrams10/83 trigrams retained 1 trigram retained‘by school psychologist’ Insufficient to proceed with dummy Read code Neglect 17 (0.002) Insufficient data – NLP not possible Adult consequences of ACEs 10 163 (1.48) 86/1466 bigrams219/1468 trigrams retained Data accuracy poor despite event age method; accuracy of exposure in childhood versus adulthood, and perpetrator versus victim status Codes insufficiently specific to the category of adult consequences of ACE to proceed ACE = adverse childhood experience. NLP = natural language processing.
Supplementary Data
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General practice recording of adverse childhood experiences: a retrospective cohort study of GP records
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