Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1. Crude comparison of mental wellbeing in young and future GPs, and by level of education (total n = 475, due to missing data n = 28)
- Figure 2. Stress factors of students, residents, and early-career GPs sorted by frequency. Participants responding (very) often are shown as red bars, the rest as grey bars.
Tables
Characteristics Overall n = 503 Medical students n = 46 (9.8%) Residents n = 228 (48.3%) GPsan = 196 (41.7%) P value Sex, n (%) Female 352 (75.1) 43 (93.5) 168 (74.0) 141 (71.9) 0.009 Mean age, years (SD) 33.6 (5.7) 25.5 (2.0) 31.7 (3.8) 38.1 (4.3) <0.001 Language, n (%) 0.016 German 430 (91.5) 43 (93.5) 200 (87.2) 187 (95.4) French 40 (8.5) 3 (6.5) 28 (12.3) 9 (4.6) Civil status, n (%) <0.001 Single 104 (22.2) 19 (41.3) 63 (27.6) 22 (11.3) With partner 167 (35.6) 27 (58.7) 92 (40.4) 48 (24.6) Married 198 (42.2) 0 (0) 73 (32.0) 125 (64.1) Children, n (%) 198 (42.3) 0 (0) 62 (27.2) 136 (70.1) <0.001 Part-time work, n (%) 246 (52.8) 14 (32.6)b 67 (29.4)b 165 (84.6) <0.001 33 (6.5%) participants did not specify if they were students, residents, or GPs and were therefore only analysed in the overall column.
aGPs early in their career. bTotal n = 466, due to missing data.
- Table 2. Stress and sequelae of stress of future and early-career GPs, stratified by level of education
Characteristics of stress, n (%) Overall n = 470a Medical students n = 46 (9.8%) Residents n = 228 (48.3%) GPsbn = 196 (41.7%) P value Stress level, high or very highc 229 (48.7) 19 (41.3) 114 (50.0) 96 (49.0) 0.56 Not enough private time, often or very oftenc 210 (44.7) 15 (32.6) 128 (56.1) 67 (34.2) <0.001 Thinking of leaving job, often or very oftenc 37 (7.9) 1 (2.2) 24 (10.5) 12 (6.1) 0.08 Current risk of burnoutd 70 (14.9) 4 (8.7) 45 (19.7) 21 (10.7) 0.016 Ever experienced burnout or exhaustion or depression 79 (16.9) 3 (6.5) 39 (17.3) 37 (18.9) 0.13 aTotal n = 470 due to missing data. bGPs early in their career. cAsked in respect of the last 2 weeks; recorded on a 5-item Likert scale (very often–never), dichotomised in two groups (often or very often versus sometimes or rarely or never). dMeasured in five categories and dichotomised based on Edwards et al. 23
- Table 3. Final multivariable regression model: the effect of level of education on mental wellbeing (n = 463). Adjusted for all covariates in the table
Participant characteristic Adjusted difference in mental wellbeing (95% CI) P value Level of education Student 0.5 (-1.8 to 2.7) 0.69 Resident reference Early-career GP 2.2 (0.7 to 3.8) 0.005 Sex Female -1.7 (-3.1 to -0.2) 0.022 Male reference Children Yes 2.0 (0.5 to 3.5) 0.008 No reference Part-time work Yes -1.6 (-3.2 to 0.1) 0.062 No reference Not enough private time Often or very often -4.5 (-5.8 to -3.2) <0.001 Sometimes, rare, never reference Reading example: having children (compared with not having children) means a higher score in WEMWBS of 2.0 points (95% CI = 0.5 to 3.5 points).
Sample size here n = 463 is smaller due to missing data in 8% of the sample.
Frequency Main theme Examples mentioned 19% Improving work–life balance family-friendly working environment
acceptance and promotion of part-time work
less shift-work
improving childcare
19% Reduction of administrative tasks assistance from non-medical staff
use of electronic medical records
efficient computer programs
11% Shorter working hours and adherence to breaks no overtime
adherence to breaks
10% Improvement of education and training regular mentoring at all training levels
improving feedback culture, dealing with mistakes
close supervision
improving teaching
10% Workload reduction more time for individual patient
reduction of high work demands
measures against the lack of family doctors
6% Good team atmosphere and collegial exchange regular exchange among colleagues
organised case discussions
6% Recognition by superiors, colleagues, and environment
5% Salary adjustment possibility of calculating work in the absence of patients (preparation and follow-up time)
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