Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1. CONSORT trial flow chart
Tables
Characteristics Intervention, n (%) Control, n (%) Clusters Total 13 (50.0) 13 (50.0) Doctors Male 13 (100.0) 13 (100.0) Female 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Paramedics Male 13 (100.0) 13 (100.0) Female 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Participants Total 574 (50.4) 564 (49.6) Mean cluster size (SD) 44.15 (33.22) 43.38 (27.96) Sex Male 290 (50.5) 268 (47.5) Female 284 (49.5) 296 (52.5) Mean age, years (SD) 45.69 (11.72) 44.60 (12.40) Mean education, years (SD) 6.5 (4.8) 6.1 (4.4) Mean BMI, kg/m2 (SD) 27.52 (5.85) 26.49 (5.67) Hypertensive 574 (100) 564 (100) Smoker 71 (12.4) 90 (16.0) Mean fasting blood sugar, mg/dL (SD) 134.69 (56.06) 141.88 (55.81) Mean random blood sugar, mg/dL (SD) 151.99 (70.73) 140.78 (62.43) Mean HbA1c (%) 8.28 (2.51) 8.026 (2.58) Mean systolic blood pressure, mmHg (SD) 161.25 (13.28) 161.42 (16.38) Mean diastolic blood pressure, mmHg (SD) 103.60 (8.91) 103.48 (9.02) Mean serum cholesterol, mg/dL (SD) 195.06 (45.38) 185.95 (44.03) Hypertensive defined as baseline SBP >140 mmHg.
Intervention,
mean outcome (95% CI)
(clusters n = 13)Control,
mean outcome (95% CI)
(clusters n = 13)Crude control-intervention difference (95% CI); P valueb Adjusted control-intervention difference (95% CI); P valueb Change in SBP, mmHgc -25.23
(-29.86 to -20.61)-9.41
(-21.24 to 2.24)15.82
(3.60 to 28.04); 0.0112.63 (0.68 to 24.57); 0.04 Change in DBP, mmHgc -18.18
(-22.12 to -14.25)-8.62
(-15.00 to -2.24)9.57
(2.39 to 16.74); 0.017.58
(0.61 to 14.55); 0.04Hypertension control, %d 69.56
(57.09 to 82.03)35.79
(15.44 to 56.13)-34pp
(-56 to -11); 0.01-30pp
(-53 to -6); 0.02Change in HbA1c, %c -0.70pp
(-2.02 to 0.61)-1.71pp
(-2.63 to -0.79)1.01pp
(-2.53 to 0.52); 0.180.59pp
(-0.29 to 0.17); 0.60Glycaemic control, %e 33.03
(10.11 to 55.94%)42.79
(27.22 to 58.36%)10pp
(-17 to 36); 0.453pp
(-2 to 87); 0.19Change in total serum cholesterol (mg/dL)c -27.69
(-31.69 to -23.69)0.52
(-9.85 to 10.89)28.21
(17.37 to 39.06); 0.00122.52
(15.89 to 29.16); 0.001Treatment adherencef 73.11
(56.34 to 89.88)18.60
(6.63 to 30.57)-54.51
(-74.13 to -34.88); 0. 00-53.57
(-77.68 to -29.46); 0.00Smoking cessation 3.08
(0.78 to 5.38)4.17
(1.74 to 6.62)1.10
(-2.08 to 4.28); 0.480.03
(-1.37 to 1.43); 0.97DBP = diastolic blood pressure. pp = percentage points. SBP = systolic blood pressure. aArm-specific mean outcomes and their 95% confidence intervals are themselves based on cluster-level summary (mean/proportion) outcomes. bAll control minus intervention differences (that is, intervention effect estimates) are based on analysis of crude/covariate-adjusted cluster-level summary (mean/proportion) outcomes. cAll change outcomes are calculated as outcome at endpoint minus outcome at baseline. dHypertension control defined as endpoint systolic BP ≤140 mmHg; eGlycaemic control defined as endpoint HbA1c ≤7%. fTreatment adherence was defined as patient having attended ≥5 treatment visits. All differences for percentage outcomes are on the absolute scale as percentage points. All analyses use only complete cases.
Mean outcome (95% CI)a Intervention
(clusters n = 13)Control
(clusters n = 13)Crude effect (95% CI); P valueb Adjusted effect (95% CI); P value Female change in SBP -25.62
(-30.49
to -20.75)-10.42
(-21.92 to 1.09)15.20
(3.06 to 27.34); 0.0213.32
(0.74 to 25.89); 0.04Male change in SBP -24.64
(-29.33
to -19.95)-7.52
(-23.42 to 8.39)17.13
(0.81 to 33.44); 0.0417.51
(3.69 to 31.34); 0.02Female–male
difference
for change in SBP- - -1.93
(-12.38 to 8.53); 0.70-0.50
(-9.27 to 8.27); 0.90SBP = systolic blood pressure. aArm-specific mean outcomes and their 95% confidence intervals are themselves based on cluster-level summary mean outcomes for females/males/female–male differences. bAll control minus intervention differences (intervention effect estimates) are based on analysis of crude/covariate-adjusted cluster-level summary (mean/proportion) female–male difference outcomes. Change in SBP is calculated as outcome at endpoint minus outcome at baseline.
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