Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1. Characterisation of types of primary care team (PCT) according to their compositions of different healthcare professionals (in addition to GPs) (N = 13 200). Overall proportions of types of PCTs: traditional, 51.6%; multidisciplinary, 11.9%; nurse-centred, 11.9%; psychologist-centred, 18.7%; and physiotherapist-centred, 5.3%.
- Figure 2. Types of primary care team by country (weighted data)
Tables
- Table 1. Responders’ general sociodemographic characteristics and practice compositions in the 11 countries included in the 2019 Commonwealth Fund International Health Policy Survey of Primary Care Physicians (weighted data)
Category Australia Canada France Germany Netherlands New Zealand Norway Sweden Switzerland UK US Total (n) and average (%) Participants, n 500 2569 1287 809 788 503 661 2411 1095 1001 1576 13 200 Response rate, % 14.5 39.3 20.0 14.7 48.7 16.2 33.8 42.2 42.8 26.8 21.2 29.1 Sex, % Male 54.9 54.0 62.5 54.6 47.7 44.9 56.2 48.8 59.4 53.9 55.1 53.9 Female 45.1 45.9 37.5 45.3 52.2 55.0 43.7 51.1 40.5 46.0 44.8 46.0 Age, years, % ≤44 39.0 34.2 19.2 1.7 40.8 32.3 46.8 39.6 20.3 57.5 30.8 34.0 45–64 46.8 50.3 62.7 66.5 56.9 55.5 44.2 47.4 62.2 36.2 51.3 52.2 ≥65 14.2 15.3 17.9 16.7 2.1 12.1 8.8 12.9 17.4 6.2 17.7 13.7 Percentage of practices including Nurses 90.8 68.2 50.0 23.7 35.2 99.1 50.2 98.6 20.9 99.5 72.0 64.4 Advanced practice nurses 16.2 36.9 0 2.9 13.6 35.4 12.6 93.7 5.2 63.4 61.1 31.0 Medical assistants 3.2 11.7 0 97.5 96.1 14.3 97.6 25.6 90.8 12.8 38.6 44.4 Nutritionists 53.2 45.0 21.2 16.7 31.5 16.3 6.1 58.0 18.3 16.6 34.2 28.8 Pharmacists 32.9 52.1 0 1.7 25.6 51.3 6.3 19.3 2.8 73.1 35.0 27.3 Psychologists 57.8 43.3 31.0 6.4 94.9 36.3 16.5 96.3 15.3 31.5 35.8 42.3 Physiotherapists 44.3 28.5 37.1 4.7 21.0 31.2 22.2 76.3 11.4 26.1 25.7 29.9 Social workers 7.9 44.2 15.7 0.9 8.6 17.1 7.9 0 2.3 17.2 39.6 14.7 - Table 2. Logistic regression of poor coordination with social services or other community providers as a function of physician and practice characteristics (N = 11 337)
Univariate model Multivariate model 1a Multivariate model 2b Category n OR 95% CI P value OR 95% CI P value OR 95% CI P value Sex Male (reference) 7072 1.00 — — 1.00 — — 1.00 — — Female 5948 1.03 0.92 to 1.15 0.602 0.95 0.83 to 1.08 0.449 0.95 0.83 to 1.09 0.455 Age, years ≤44 (reference) 4376 1.00 — — 1.00 — — 1.00 — — 45–54 3151 0.91 0.78 to 1.05 0.206 0.95 0.80 to 1.12 0.539 1.02 0.86 to 1.21 0.819 55–64 3815 0.93 0.81 to 1.07 0.309 1.00 0.85 to 1.17 0.990 1.04 0.88 to 1.23 0.627 ≥65 1691 1.11 0.94 to 1.32 0.214 0.91 0.74 to 1.13 0.405 0.95 0.76 to 1.18 0.650 Area City (reference) 5590 1.00 — — 1.00 — — 1.00 — — Suburb 2676 0.99 0.86 to 1.13 0.902 0.97 0.83 to 1.14 0.712 1.01 0.85 to 1.19 0.902 Small town 2761 0.62 0.53 to 0.72 <0.001 0.69 0.58 to 0.82 <0.001 0.82 0.68 to 0.98 0.033 Rural 1788 0.43 0.35 to 0.53 <0.001 0.53 0.42 to 0.67 <0.001 0.69 0.54 to 0.88 0.002 Communication with other HCPs Yes, often (reference) 8125 1.00 — — 1.00 — — 1.00 — — Sometimes or rarely 3819 1.70 1.51 to 1.93 <0.001 1.80 1.58 to 2.05 <0.001 2.00 1.75 to 2.30 <0.001 Never 126 5.03 3.42 to 7.40 <0.001 4.78 3.16 to 7.23 <0.001 5.60 3.63 to 8.64 <0.001 GP communicates using email No (reference) 4677 1.00 — — 1.00 — — 1.00 — — Yes 8026 0.95 0.85 to 1.07 0.392 0.80 0.70 to 0.92 0.002 0.73 0.62 to 0.87 <0.001 Mean consultation time ≥5 minutes to ≤10 minutes (reference) 2705 1.00 — — 1.00 — — 1.00 — — >10 minutes to ≤15 minutes 4243 1.32 1.11 to 1.58 0.001 1.49 1.21 to 1.82 <0.001 1.05 0.83 to 1.32 0.696 >15 minutes to ≤20 minutes 3290 1.75 1.47 to 2.09 <0.001 1.97 1.60 to 2.42 <0.001 1.00 0.77 to 1.30 0.986 >20 minutes to ≤90 minutes 2635 2.18 1.83 to 2.61 <0.001 2.38 1.91 to 2.95 <0.001 1.04 0.79 to 1.38 0.776 Practice type Traditional type (reference) 6721 1.00 — — 1.00 — — 1.00 — — Multidisciplinary 1641 0.50 0.39 to 0.62 <0.001 0.42 0.31 to 0.55 <0.001 0.39 0.29 to 0.53 <0.001 Nurse-centred 1543 1.65 1.41 to 1.93 <0.001 1.62 1.34 to 1.95 <0.001 1.11 0.91 to 1.37 0.298 Psychologist-centred 2427 1.54 1.35 to 1.77 <0.001 1.57 1.34 to 1.84 <0.001 0.88 0.74 to 1.05 0.173 Physiotherapist-centred 688 0.95 0.73 to 1.23 0.698 1.00 0.74 to 1.35 0.988 0.84 0.62 to 1.23 0.251 Country Australia (reference) 1.00 — — — — — 1.00 — — Canada 1.41 0.99 to 1.99 0.054 — — — 2.01 1.30 to 3.11 0.002 France 2.15 1.51 to 3.07 <0.001 — — — 3.77 2.44 to 5.82 <0.001 Germany 0.34 0.20 to 0.50 <0.001 — — — 0.28 0.13 to 0.60 0.001 The Netherlands 0.98 0.65 to 1.49 0.933 — — — 2.15 1.30 to 3.57 0.001 New Zealand 0.42 0.24 to 0.75 0.003 — — — 0.51 0.26 to 1.00 0.052 Norway 0.41 0.24 to 0.70 0.001 — — — 0.85 0.46 to 1.59 0.615 Sweden 3.04 2.17 to 4.26 <0.001 — — — 5.58 3.53 to 8.82 <0.001 Switzerland 0.73 0.48 to 1.10 0.130 — — — 0.71 0.41 to 1.24 0.230 UK 0.51 0.33 to 0.80 0.003 — — — 0.89 0.52 to 1.52 0.672 US 1.89 1.33 to 2.60 <0.001 — — — 2.74 1.73 to 4.33 <0.001 aWithout adjusting for countries. bAdjusting for individual countries. HCP = healthcare professional. OR = odds ratio.
- Table 3. Logistic regression of poor practices’ perceived ability to deal with patients with chronic conditions as a function of physician and practice characteristics (N = 11 376)
Univariate model Multivariate model 1a Multivariate model 2b Category n OR 95% CI P value OR 95% CI P value OR 95% CI P value Sex Male (reference) 7057 1.00 — — 1.00 — — 1.00 — — Female 5946 1.18 1.08 to 1.29 <0.001 1.12 1.01 to 1.24 0.027 1.15 1.03 to 1.28 0.013 Age, years ≤44 (reference) 4362 1.00 — — 1.00 — — 1.00 — — 45–54 3152 0.81 0.72 to 0.91 0.007 0.84 0.74 to 0.96 0.010 0.98 0.85 to 1.12 0.740 55–64 3807 0.86 0.77 to 0.96 0.007 0.90 0.80 to 1.02 0.114 0.94 0.83 to 1.08 0.417 ≥65 1694 0.95 0.83 to 1.10 0.511 0.91 0.77 to 1.07 0.244 1.00 0.84 to 1.19 0.980 Area City (reference) 5585 1.00 — — 1.00 — — 1.00 — — Suburb 2676 1.00 0.89 to 1.12 0.964 1.03 0.90 to 1.16 0.680 0.87 0.76 to 1.00 0.053 Small town 2760 0.68 0.60 to 0.77 <0.001 0.78 0.68 to 0.90 <0.001 0.95 0.82 to 1.10 0.500 Rural 1783 0.75 0.65 to 0.87 <0.001 0.87 0.74 to 1.01 0.071 0.93 0.78 to 1.10 0.398 Communication with other HCPs Yes, often (reference) 8160 1.00 — — 1.00 — — 1.00 — — Sometimes or rarely 3834 1.58 1.43 to 1.74 <0.001 1.62 1.46 to 1.80 <0.001 1.95 1.74 to 2.18 <0.001 Never 125 2.26 1.53 to 3.33 <0.001 1.91 1.26 to 2.92 0.002 2.87 1.86 to 4.44 <0.001 GP communicates using email No (reference) 4660 1.00 — — 1.00 — — 1.00 — — Yes 8024 0.89 0.81 to 0.97 0.010 0.79 0.71 to 0.87 <0.001 0.87 0.76 to 0.99 0.036 Mean consultation time ≤5 minutes to ≤10 minutes (reference) 2703 1.00 — — 1.00 — — 1.00 — — >10 minutes to ≤15 minutes 4241 1.73 1.50 to 2.00 <0.001 1.75 1.50 to 2.04 <0.001 1.04 0.86 to 1.27 0.662 >15 minutes to ≤20 minutes 3290 2.28 1.97 to 2.63 <0.001 2.37 2.02 to 2.78 <0.001 0.98 0.78 to 1.22 0.838 >20 minutes to ≤90 minutes 2628 2.23 1.92 to 2.59 <0.001 2.18 1.84 to 2.59 <0.001 1.05 0.83 to 1.33 0.671 Practice type Traditional (reference) 1154 1.00 — — 1.00 — — 1.00 — — Multidisciplinary 239 0.83 0.71 to 0.96 0.014 0.70 0.59 to 0.84 <0.001 0.99 0.81 to 1.21 0.930 Nurse-centred 244 0.90 0.77 to 1.05 0.179 0.82 0.69 to 0.97 0.023 0.91 0.75 to 1.10 0.320 Psychologist-centred 591 1.54 1.38 to 1.72 <0.001 1.54 1.36 to 1.75 <0.001 1.14 0.98 to 1.32 0.090 Physiotherapist-centred 182 1.72 1.44 to 2.06 <0.001 1.81 1.49 to 2.20 <0.001 1.34 1.08 to 1.67 0.009 Country Australia (reference) 1.00 — — — — — 1.00 — — Canada 2.10 1.51 to 2.91 <0.001 — — — 2.18 1.47 to 3.22 <0.001 France 11.05 7.96 to 15.35 <0.001 — — — 15.74 10.67 to 23.22 <0.001 Germany 0.17 0.09 to 0.32 <0.001 — — — 0.18 0.08 to 0.39 <0.001 The Netherlands 0.45 0.28 to 0.71 0.001 — — — 0.64 0.38 to 1.09 0.098 New Zealand 1.34 0.89 to 2.03 0.160 — — — 1.58 0.99 to 2.52 0.056 Norway 1.29 0.87 to 1.92 0.200 — — — 2.04 1.29 to 3.25 0.002 Sweden 3.36 2.43 to 4.65 <0.001 — — — 4.67 3.10 to 7.04 <0.001 Switzerland 1.46 1.02 to 2.09 0.039 — — — 1.49 0.96 to 2.31 0.074 UK 2.17 1.53 to 3.07 <0.001 — — — 2.85 1.86 to 4.37 <0.001 US 1.65 1.18 to 2.33 0.004 — — — 1.83 1.20 to 2.80 0.005 aWithout adjusting for countries. bAdjusting for individual countries. HCP = healthcare professional. OR = odds ratio.
Supplementary Data
- CdC_10.3399BJGPO.2024.0200_supp_v2.pdf -
Supplementary material is not copyedited or typeset, and is published as supplied by the author(s). The author(s) retain(s) responsibility for its accuracy.
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Composition of general practices in Western countries and associations with their perceived ability to manage patients with chronic conditions: a secondary analysis of survey data
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